Embracing all humanity as one’s own is the core of the modern idea of cosmopolitanism, but the present time with rising tribalism, populism, racism, and narrow-minded nationalism is not propitious for cosmopolitanism. At a time like this, the cosmopolitan effort to see cultures and peoples as close to one another rather than absolutely different becomes all the more important. The comparative study of different cultures and literatures may promote a cosmopolitan stance, and from a comparative perspective, we may draw some ideas from the ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius for a theory of global ethics.
AppiahKA (2006) Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York: W. W. Norton.
2.
GernetJ (1982) Chine et Christianisme: Action et réaction. Paris: Gallimard.
3.
GernetJ (1985) China and the Christian Impact: A Conflict of Cultures. Trans. LloydJanet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4.
HuxleyA (1960) Collected Essays. New York: Bantam Books.
5.
Jiao Xun 焦循 (1987)孟子正義. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.
6.
JullienF (2000a) Penser d’un Dehors (la Chine): Entretiens d’Extrême-Occident, with Thierry Marchaissse. Paris: Seuil.
7.
JullienF (2000b) Detour and Access: Strategies of Meaning in China and Greece. Trans. HawkesSophie. New York: Zone Books.
8.
JullienF (2002) Did Philosophers have to become fixated on truth? Trans. Janet Lloyd. Critical Inquiry28(4): 803–24.
9.
KantI (2006) Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History. Ed. KleingeldPauline. Trans. ColclasureDavid. L.. New Haven: Yale University Press.
10.
Laërtius Diogenes (1915) Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. Trans. YongeE. D.. London: G. Bell and Sons.
11.
Liu Baonan 劉寶楠 (1986)論語正義. Shanghai: Shanghai shudian.
12.
LloydGER (1990) Demystifying Mentalities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
13.
NussbaumMC (1997) Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
14.
PoggeT (1993) Cosmopolitanism. In GoodinREPettitPPoggeT (eds) A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 312-331.
15.
SingerP (1972) Famine, affluence, and morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs1(3): 229–243.
16.
SpenceJD (1998) The Chan’s Great Continent: China in Western Minds. New York: W. W. Norton.
17.
WatersL (2001) The Age of IncommensurabilityBoundary28(2): 133–172.