Lower urinary tract dysfunction, such as urge incontinence, the urgency- frequency syndrome and pelvic pain, is a challenging therapeutic problem. It can be treated by sacral neuromodulation. To select patients for permanent implantation they are first tested by a very short trial stimulation. During this period a wire electrode connected to an external stimulator is positioned percutaneously in the third sacral foramina. Patients with a good clinical response are candidates for permanent treatment by a surgically implanted device.
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7.
KoldewijnE.L., RosierP.F.W.M., MeulemanE.J.H., KosterA.M., DebruyneF.M.J., Van KerrebroeckP.E.V.: Predictors of success with neuromodulation in lower urinary tract dysfunction: results of trial stimulation in 100 patients. J. Urol., 152: 2071–2075, 1994.
