Preparation of the urethra is a crucial surgical moment when about to carry out an orthotopic urinary diversion. Correct procedure at this stage results in an efficient residual functional urethra, necessary for guaranteeing sphincteric function in order to avoid passive incontinence (it being well-known that active incontinence, mainly at night, is instead tied to the intrinsic nature of the enteric material used for bladder replacement). The authors describe the most important surgical procedures and in particular dissection of the apex of the prostate and entero-urethral anastomosis.
CameyM., Le DucA.: L'entorocystoplastic avec cy-stoprostatectomie totale pour cancer de la vessie. Ann. Urol., 13: 114, 1979.
2.
GrossfeldG.D., SteinJ.P., BennettC.J., GinsbergD.A., BoydS.D., LieskovskyG., SkinnerD. G.: Lower urinary tract reconstruction in the female using the Koch ileal reservoir with bilateral ureteroileal urethrostomy: update of continence results and fluorourodynamic findings. Urol., 48: 383–388, 1996.
3.
MyersR.P.: Improving the exposure of the prostate in radical retropubic prostatectomy: longitudinal bunching of the deep venous plexus. J. Urol., 142: 1282–1284, 1989.
4.
MillerJ.I., LarsonT. R.: Simplified technique for improving exposure of the apical prostate during radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urol., 44: 117–118, 1994.
5.
HulandF.: Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Atti del corso: Prostate cancer current issues: new approaches. London, october 1995.
6.
BoccafoschiC., AnnosciaS., LozziC., SignorelloD.: Anastomosi vescico-uretrale ed entero-uretrali: considerazioni anatomo-chirurgiche e note di tecnica. Arch. It. Urol., LXV: 563–569, 1993.
7.
Da PozzoL.F., ColomboR., MontorsiF., GuazzoniG., RigattiP.: An original balloon-expanding urethral suture guide for radical prostatectomy. Urol., 562–564, 1995.
TanaghoE.A., SmithD. R.: The anatomy and function of the bladder neck. Br. J. Urol., 38: 54, 1966.
10.
TanaghoE.A., SchmidtR.A., De AranjaC.G.: Urinary striated sphincter. What is its nerve supply? Urol., 20: 415, 1982.
11.
GoslingJ.A., DixonJ.S., LendonK. G.: The automatic innervation of the human male and female bladder neck and proximal urethra. J. Urol., 118, 302, 1977.
12.
BenoitG., QuillardJ., JardinA.: Anatomical study of-the inframontanal urethra in man. J. Urol., 139: 866–868, 1988.
13.
AnnosciaS., LozziC., Di MauroA., TirantiD., BoccafoschiC.: Urodynamic evaluation of vesico-urethral function after major pelvic surgery. Urodinamica, 4: 63–73, 1994.
14.
SteinJ.P., CoreR.J., FreemanJ.A., EssrigD., El-majianD.A., GroshenS., SkinnerE.C., BoydS.D., LieskovskyG., SkinnerD.: Indications for lower urinary tract reconstruction in women after cystectomy for bladder cancer: a pathological review of female cystectomy specimens. J. Urol., 4: 1329–1333, 1995.
15.
HubnerW.A., PflugerH.: Functional replacement of. bladder and urethra after cystectomy for bladder cancer in female patient. J. Urol., 153: 1043–1046; 1995.
16.
CancriniA., De CarliP., FattahiH., CantianiR., Von HelandM.: Orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients after radical cystectomy: 2 years experience. J. Urol., 153: 956–958, 1995.
17.
ColleselliK., StrasseH., MoriggiB., StenzlA., PoiselS., BartschG.: Hemikock to the female urethra: anatomical approach to the continence mechanism to the female urethra. J. Urol., 151: 500A, 1994.
