Urinary Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease, which is endemic in Africa and the Middle East. Very rarely observed in Europe, it is now becoming more frequently seen also in Italy, as a consequence of the immigration of many Africans. A brief review of the natural history of the disease is made by the Authors, who report two clinical cases. Both patients presented with hematuria and irritative symptoms. Microscopic examination of their urine and cystoscopy with bladder biopsies enabled diagnosis to be made. Medical treatment with Praziquantel was effective and well tolerated.
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