Genuine Stress Incontinence (GSI) is one of the most important chapters of female urology. Surgical treatment of GSI still remains an area of controversy in urology. The authors give an up-dated review of the subject; valuable support for people involved in this field.
MostwinJ.L.: Current concepts of female pelvic anatomy and physiology. Urol. Clin. North. Am., 18: 175–195, 1991.
2.
MalvernJ.: The mechanism of continence. In StantonS.L.TanaghoE.A.: Surgery of female incontinence.Springer-Veralg, Berlin, pagg. 1–8, 1980.
3.
De LanceyJ.O.L.: Pubovesical ligament: a separate structure from urethral supports (“pubourethral ligaments”). Neurourol. Urodyn., 8: 53–62, 1989.
4.
RazS.: Vaginal approach to urinary incontinence. In GlennJ.F.: Urologic Surgery, Lippincott Co, Philadelphia, pagg. 790–804, 1991.
5.
RazS.LittleN.A.JumaS.SussmanE.M.: Repair of severe anterior vaginal wall prolapse (grade IV cystourethrocele). J. Urol., 146: 988–992, 1991.
6.
StameyT.A.: Endoscopic suspension of the vesical neck. In StantonS.L.TanaghoE.A.: Surgery of female incontinence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pagg. 77–91, 1980.
7.
KennedyW.T.: Incontinence of urine in the female, the urethral sphincter mechanism, damage of function, and restoration of control. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 34: 576–589, 1937.
8.
WheelesC.R.: Atlante di chirurgia pelvica.Momento Medico, Salerno, pagg. 45–49, 1990.
9.
GreenT.H.Jr.: Vaginal repair. In StatonS.L.TanaghoE.A.: Surgery of female incontinence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pagg. 31–46, 1980.
10.
NicholsD.H.: Posterior colporraphy and perrineorraphy: separate and distinct operations. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 164: 714–721, 1991.
11.
KrantzK.E.: The Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure. In StantonS.L.TanaghoE.A.: Surgery of female incontinence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pagg. 47–54, 1980.
12.
WheelesC.R.: Atlante di chirurgia pelvica, Momento Medico, Salerno, pagg. 139–142, 1990.
LewisR.W.: Abdominal repair of female incontinence. In GlennJ.F.: Urologic Surgery, Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pagg. 778–789, 1991.
15.
ParnellJ.P.MarshallV.F.VaughanE.D.: Management of recurrent urinary stress incontinence by the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz vesicourethropexy. J. Urol., 132: 912–914, 1984.
HodgkinsonC.P.StantonS.L.: Retropubic urethropexy or colposuspension. In StantonS.L.TanaghoE.A.: Surgery of female incontinence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pagg. 55–68, 1980.
18.
StantonS.L.CardozoL.: Results of colposuspension operation for incontinence and prolapse. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 86: 693–697, 1979.
19.
PignéA.MarpeauL.VeluireM.: Failures after the Burch procedure. Urogynaecologia I J., 5: 105–116, 1991.
20.
MilaniR.ColomboM.MaggioniA.CelliA.QuintoM.: Incontinenza urinaria da sforzo recidiva: approccio chirurgico sovrapubico in 51 casi. Urogynaecologia I J., 5: 29–39, 1991.
21.
D'AmicoG.: Chirurgia dell'incontinenza urinaria da sforzo nella donna. In: Trattato di tecnica chirurgica, Utet, Torino, pagg. 638–653, 1981.
22.
RichardsonA.C.LyonJ.B.WilliamsN.L.: A new look at pelvi relaxation. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 126: 568–573, 1976.
23.
RichardsonA.C.EdmondsP.B.WilliamsN.L.: Treatment of stress urinary incontinence due to paravaginal fascial defect. Obstet. Gynecol., 57: 357–362, 1981.
24.
ShullB.L.BadenW.F.: A six-year experience with paravaginal defect repair for stress urinary incontinence. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 160: 1432–1440, 1989.
SchonauerS.: Correction of stress incontinence in women by simple sling operation. Urology, 32: 189–191, 1988.
31.
RazS.KlutkeC.G.GolombJ.: Four-corner bladder and urethral suspension for moderate cystocele. J. Urol., 142: 712–715, 1989.
32.
RazS.SiegelA.L.ShortJ.L.SynderJ.A.: Vaginal wall sling. J. Urol., 141: 43–46, 1989.
33.
JumaS.EricksonD.SussmanE.RazS.: Vaginal wall sling for intrinsic sphinteric deficiency. World J. Urol., 8: 198–202, 1990.
34.
HohenfellnerR.PetriE.: Sling procedures. In StantonS.L.TanaghoE.A.: Surgery of female incontinence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pagg. 69–76, 1980.
35.
McGuireE.J.WangS.C.UsitaloH.SavastanoJ.: Modified pubovaginal sling in girls with myelodysplasia. J. urol., 135: 94–96, 1986.
36.
BlaivasJ.G.: Treatment of female incontinence secondary to urethral damage or loss. Urol. Clin. North Am., 18: 355–363, 1911.
37.
WheelesC.R.: Atlante di chirurgia pelvica.Momento Medico, Salerno, pagg. 123–133, 1990.
38.
RazS.McGuireE.J.EhrlichR.M.ZeidmanE.J.WangS.C.AlarconA.SchmidtbauerC.McLaughlinS.: Fascial sling to correct male neurogenic sphincter incompetence: the McGuire/Raz approach. J. Urol., 139: 528–531, 1988.
39.
ChappieC.R.OsborneJ.L.: Laparoscopic colposuspension - A new procedure. J. Urol., 147(4): 280A, 1992.