Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Very little is known about the effect of HPV on men’s health. It is estimated that it is one of the most critical causes of penile cancer worldwide, representing a considerable percentage of the cases. We aimed to review the information on HPV vaccination strategy plans worldwide and the effect on male genital health. Studies on the outcomes of countries that include males in HPV vaccination programs and what the result will be in those that do not indicate favorable data in terms of preventing disease and thus the cost-effectiveness of gender-neutral HPV vaccination in most high-income countries (HIC) as well as in low-to-middle income countries (LMIC), considering HPV universal vaccination as a public health strategy. Vaccination of men against HPV is an effective strategy to prevent the development of genital cancers in this population.
LewisRMLapriseJFGarganoJW, et al. Estimated prevalence and incidence of disease-associated human papillomavirus types among 15- to 59-year-olds in the United States. Sex Transm Dis2021; 48: 273–277.
2.
DiţescuDIstrate-OfiţeruA-MRoşuG-C, et al. Clinical and pathological aspects of condyloma acuminatum - review of literature and case presentation. Rom J Morphol Embryol2021; 62: 369–383.
3.
MouginCDalsteinVPrétetJL, et al. [Epidemiology of cervical papillomavirus infections. Recent knowledge]. Presse Med2001; 30(20): 1017–1023.
4.
SternPLRodenRB. Opportunities to improve immune-based prevention of HPV-associated cancers. Papillomavirus Res2019; 7: 150–153.
DouglawiAMastersonTA. Penile cancer epidemiology and risk factors: a contemporary review. Curr Opin Urol2019; 29: 145–149.
7.
CanepaPMartiniMIcardiG. HPV related diseases in males: a heavy vaccine-preventable burden. J Prev Med Hyg2013; 54(2): 61–70.
8.
HarderTWichmannOKlugSJ, et al. Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of vaccination against human papillomavirus in males: a systematic review. BMC Med2018; 16: 110–114.
9.
JaisamrarnUCastellsaguéXGarlandSM, et al. Natural history of progression of HPV infection to cervical lesion or clearance: analysis of the control arm of the large, randomised PATRICIA study. PLoS One2013; 8(11): e79260.
10.
SchiffmanMCastlePEJeronimoJ, et al. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet2007; 370: 890–907.
11.
MagalhãesGMVieiraÉCGarciaLC, et al. Update on human papilloma virus - part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum. An Bras Dermatol2021; 96: 1–16.
12.
Kombe KombeAJLiBZahidA, et al. Epidemiology and burden of human papillomavirus and related diseases, molecular pathogenesis, and vaccine evaluation. Front Public Health2020; 8: 552028.
GiulianoARAnicGNyitrayAG. Epidemiology and pathology of HPV disease in males. Gynecol Oncol2010; 117: S15–S19.
15.
JeynesCChungMCChallenorR. ‘Shame on you’ – the psychosocial impact of genital warts. Int J STD AIDS2009; 20: 557–560.
16.
DalingJRMadeleineMMJohnsonLG, et al. Human papillomavirus, smoking, and sexual practices in the etiology of anal cancer. Cancer2004; 101: 270–280.
17.
GarlandSMStebenMSingsHL, et al. Natural history of genital warts: analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine. J Infect Dis2009; 199: 805–814.
18.
TyrosGMastraftsiSGregoriouS, et al. Incidence of anogenital warts: epidemiological risk factors and real-life impact of human papillomavirus vaccination. Int J STD AIDS2021; 32: 4–13.
SanclementeGGillDK. Human papillomavirus molecular biology and pathogenesis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol2002; 16: 231–240.
21.
UuskülaAReileRRezebergaD, et al. The prevalence of genital warts in the Baltic countries: findings from national cross-sectional surveys in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Sex Transm Infect2015; 91: 55–60.
22.
HoekstraRJTripEJTen KateFJ, et al. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: nomenclature, incidence and progression to malignancy in the Netherlands. Int J Urol2019; 26: 353–357.
23.
GrossGPfisterH. Role of human papillomavirus in penile cancer, penile intraepithelial squamous cell neoplasias and in genital warts. Med Microbiol Immunol2004; 193: 35–44.
24.
CrispenPLMydloJH. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia and other premalignant lesions of the penis. Urol Clin North Am2010; 37: 335–342.
25.
OlesenTBSandFLRasmussenCL, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol2019; 20: 145–158.
26.
ElstLAlbersenM. HPV vaccination: does it have a role in preventing penile cancer and other preneoplastic lesions?Semin Oncol Nurs2022; 38: 151284.
27.
VelazquezEFAminMBEpsteinJI, et al. Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinoma of the penis. Arch Pathol Lab Med2010; 134: 923–929.
28.
KiddLCChaingSChipolliniJ, et al. Relationship between human papillomavirus and penile cancer-implications for prevention and treatment. Transl Androl Urol2017; 6: 791–802.
29.
SpiessPEDhillonJBaumgartenAS, et al. Pathophysiological basis of human papillomavirus in penile cancer: key to prevention and delivery of more effective therapies. CA Cancer J Clin2016; 66: 481–495.
30.
SchlenkerBSchneedeP. The role of human papilloma virus in penile cancer prevention and new therapeutic agents. Eur Urol Focus2019; 5: 42–45.
31.
TarnaudCLissoubaPCutlerE, et al. Association of low-risk human papillomavirus infection with male circumcision in young men: results from a longitudinal study conducted in Orange farm (South Africa). Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol2011; 2011: 1–7.
32.
BizzarriFPCampetellaMRagoneseM, et al. The role of alternative medicine and complimentary therapies in urologic disease: new horizons. Urol J2024; 91: 641–646.
33.
ButterfieldRDhananiS. The development of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and current barriers to implementation. Immunol Invest2021; 50: 821–832.
34.
da Costa NunesJFPiresSChadeDC. Human papillomavirus vaccination and prevention of intraepithelial neoplasia and penile cancer: review article. Curr Opin Urol2020; 30: 208–212.
35.
WakabayashiRNakahamaYNguyenV, et al. The host-microbe interplay in human papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis. Microorganisms2019; 7: 199.
36.
BednarczykRA. Addressing HPV vaccine myths: practical information for healthcare providers. Hum Vaccin Immunother2019; 15: 1628–1638.
World Health Organization. Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017-recommendations. Vaccine2017; 35: 5753–5755.
39.
BruniLSaura-LázaroAMontoliuA, et al. HPV vaccination introduction worldwide and WHO and UNICEF estimates of national HPV immunization coverage 2010–2019. Prev Med2021; 144: 106399.
SoeNNOngJJMaX, et al. Should human papillomavirus vaccination target women over age 26, heterosexual men and men who have sex with men? A targeted literature review of cost-effectiveness. Hum Vaccin Immunother2018; 14: 3010–3018.
42.
ElbashaEHDasbachEJ. Impact of vaccinating boys and men against HPV in the United States. Vaccine2010; 28: 6858–6867.
