Kidney stones are an endemic pathology in mediterranean area. Although urologists have developed a lot of mini-invasive techniques to treat this pathology they usually do not have background to treat the medical aspect of lithiasis. For this reason we underline the necessity to know the lithogenetic mechanism starting from the formation of a simple salt like Ca – Ox and is growing as macrocrysthal. In this work we describe the etiology stone formation, metabolic evaluation and medical treatment of urinary stones. Underlining the role of citrate as a inhibitor of crystallogenesis and his role in medical chemiolisis.
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