ReyesG.R., PurdyM.A., KimJ.P.Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science1990; 247: 1335–9.
2.
TamA.W., SmithM.M., GuerraM.E.Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. Virology1991; 185: 120–31.
3.
DawsonG.J., ChauK.H., CabalC.M., YarboughP.O., ReyesG.R., MushahwarI.K.Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for hepatitis E virus IgG and IgM antibodies utilizing recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides. J Virol Methods1992; 38: 175–86.
4.
ChauhanA., JameelS., DilawaryG.B., ChawlaY.K., KaurU., GangulyN.K.Hepatitis E virus transmission to a volunteer. Lancet1993; 341: 149–50.
5.
HalfonP., OuzanD., ChanasM.High prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibody in hemodialysis patients. Lancet1994; 344: 746 (letter).
6.
CourtneyM.G., O'MahoneyM., AlbloushiS.Hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence in hemodialysis patients. Lancet1994; 344: 1166 (letter).
7.
MacedoG., ChavesA.P., PintoT.Prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibody in haemodialysis patients. Lancet1994; 344: 1166 (letter).
8.
ButiM., JardiR., CotrinaM.Hepatitis E virus infection in acute hepatitis in Spain. J Virol Meth1995; 55: 48–54.
9.
PsichigiouM., VaindirliE., TzalaE.for the Multicentre haemodialysis Cohort Study on Viral Hepatitis. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant1996; 11: 1093–5.
10.
GessoniG., ManoniF.Hepatitis E virus infection in north-east Italy: serological study in the open population and groups at risk. J Hepatitis1996; 3: 197–202.
11.
FabriziF., LunghiG., BacchiniG., CortiM., PaganoA., LocatelliF.Hepatitis E virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a seroepidemiological survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant1997; 38: 133–6.
12.
SylvanS.P.E., JacobsonS.H., ChristensonB.Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus among hemodialysis patients in Sweden. J Med Virol1998; 54: 38–43.
13.
DalekosG.N., ZervouE., ElisafM.Antibodies to hepatitis E virus among several populations in Greece: increased prevalence in an hemodialysis unit. Transfusion1998; 38: 589–95.
14.
ArinsoyT., YilmazM., DericiU., SindelS., TekinI., HasanogluE.Prevalence of hepatitis E virus antibody in hemodialysis patients. Nephron1998; 80: 85 (letter).
15.
FabriziF., MarcelliD., BacchiniG., GuarnoriI., ErbaG.F., LocatelliF.Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on conservative theraphy: prevalence, risk factors and relationship to liver disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant1994; 9: 780–4.
16.
FabriziF., RaffaeleL., BacchiniG.Antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and transaminase concentration in chronic haemodialysis patients: a study with second-generation assays. Nephrol Dial Transplant1993; 8: 744–7.
17.
MathurinO., MouquetC., PoynardT.Impact of hepatitis B and C virus on kidney transplantation outcome. Hepatology1999; 29: 257–63.
18.
MarcelliD., StannardD., ConteF., HeldP., LocatelliF., PortF.K.ESRD patient mortality with adjustment for comorbid conditions in Lombardy (Italy) versus the United States. Kidney Int1996; 50: 1013–8.
19.
LocatelliF., MarcelliD., ConteF.1983 to 1992: Report on regular dialysis and transplantation in Lombardy. Am J Kidney Dis1995; 25: 196–205.
KaneM.A., BradleyD.W., ShresthaS.M.Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Nepal: recovery of a possible etiologic agent and transmission studies in marmosets. JAMA1984: 252: 3140–5.
22.
PandaS.K., DattaR., KaurJ., ZuckermanA.J., NayakN.C.Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis: Recovery of virus-like particles from an epidemic in South Delhi and transmission studies in rhesus monkeys. Hepatology1989; 10: 466–72.
23.
NandaS.K., PandaS.K., DurgapalH., JameelS.Detection of the negative strans of hepatitis E virus RNA in the livers of experimentally infected rhesus monkeys. Evidence for viral replication. J Med Virol1994; 42: 237–40.
24.
SchlauderG.G., DesaiS.M., ZanettiA.R., TrassopoulosN.C., MushahwarI.K.Novel hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from Europe: Evidence for additional genotypes of HEV. J Med Virol1999; 57: 243–51.
25.
ErkerJ.C., DesaiS.M., SchlauderG.G., DawsonG.J., MushahwarI.K.Hepatitis E variant in the United States: molecular characterization and transmission in cynomolgous macaques. J Gen Virol1999 (in press).
26.
WangY., LingR., ErkerJ.C.A divergent genotype of hepatitis E virus in Chinese patients with acute hepatitis. J Gen Virol1999 (in press).
27.
BradleyD.W.Hepatitis E virus: a brief review of the biology, molecular virology, and immunology of a novel virus. J Hepatol1995; 22(suppl. I): 140–5.
28.
KrawczynskiK.Hepatitis E. Hepatology1993; 17: 932–41.
29.
BalayanM.S.Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection. J Viral Hepatitis1997; 4: 155–65.
30.
BaderT., KrawczynskiK., PolishL., FavorovM.Hepatitis E in a U.S. traveler to Mexico. N Engl J Med1991: 325: 1659.
31.
SmalleyD.L., BrewerS.C., DawsonG.J., KyrkC., WatersB.Hepatitis E virus infection in an immigrant to the United States. South Med1996; 89: 993–6.
32.
DawsonG.J., MushahwarI.K., ChauK.H., GitnickG.L.Detection of long-lasting antibody to hepatitis E virus in a US traveller to Pakistan. Lancet1992; 340: 326.
33.
PaulD., KniggeM., RitteA., GutierrezR., Pilot-MatiasT., ChauK.Determination of hepatitis E seroprevalence by using recombinant fusion protein and synthetic peptides. J Infect Dis1994; 169: 801–6.
34.
ZaaijerH.L., Maruser-BunschotenE.P., ten VeenJ.H.Hepatitis E virus antibodies among patients with hemophilia, blood donors, and hepatitis patients. J Med Virol1994; 42: 318–20.
35.
ZanettiA.R., DawsonG.J., and the Study Group of Hepatitis E. Hepatitis type E in Italy: a seroepidemiological survey. J Med Virol1994; 42: 318–20.
36.
LokA.S.F., Soldevia-PicoC.Epidemiology and serologic diagnosis of hepatitis E. J Hepatol1994; 20: 567–9.
37.
LiR.C., YangJ.Y., WangS.S., GongJ., LiY.P.Prevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis E in a hyperendemic area of viral hepatitis in China. VII International Symposium on viral hepatitis. Madrid 1996, 59 A.
38.
LeeS.D., WangY.J., LuR.H., ChanC.Y., LoK.J., MoeckliiR.Seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus among Chinese subjects in Taiwan. Hepatology1994; 19: 866–70.
39.
KhurooM.S., RusgiV.K., DawsonG.J.Spectrum of hepatitis E virus infection in India. J Med Virol1994; 43: 281–6.
40.
FavorovM.O., KhodykovY.E., FieldsH.A.Enzyme immunoassays for the detection of antibody to hepatitis E virus based on synthetic peptides. J Virol Methods1994; 46: 2378–50.
41.
ThomasD.L., MahleyR.W., BadarS., PalogluK.E., QuinoT.C.Epidemiology of E virus in Turkey. Lancet1993; 341: 1561–2.
42.
MannucciP.M., GringeriA., SantagostinoE., RomanoL., ZanettiA.Low-risk of transmission of hepatitis E virus by large-pool coagulation factor concentrates. Lancet1994; 343: 597–8.
43.
KhurooM.S., KaniliS., JameelS.Vertical transmission of hepatitis E virus. Lancet1994; 345: 1025–6.
44.
MontellaP., RezzaG., Di SoraE., PezzottiP., PecchiaO.Association between hepatitis E virus and HIV infection in homosexual men. Lancet1994; 344: 1433.
45.
NandaS.K., AnsariH., AcharyaS.K., JameelS., PandaS.K.Protrected viremia during acute sporadic hepatitis E virus infection. Gastroenterology1995; 108: 225–30.
46.
SchlauderG.G., DawsonG.J., MushahwarI.K.Viraemia in Egyptian children with hepatitis E virus infection. Lancet1993; 341: 378.
47.
TassopoulosN.C., KrawczynskiK., HatzakisA.Role of hepatitis E virus in the aetiology of community acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis in Greece. J Med Virol1994; 42: 124–8.
48.
LavanchiD., MorelB., FreyP.C.Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in Switzerland. Lancet1994; 344: 747–8.
49.
KhurooM.S.Study of an epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis: possibility of another human virus distinct from posttransfusion non-A, non-B type. Am J Med1980; 68: 818–24.
50.
BalayanM.S.New form of hepatitis with fecal-oral mode of spread. In: ZhdanovV.M. ed. Soviet Medical Reviews. Section E. Virology Reviews, Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH, Chur, Switzerland1987; 2: 235–61.
51.
BalayanM.S., UsmanovR.K., ZamayatinaN.A., DjumalievaD.I., KarasF.R.Brief report: experimental hepatitis E infection in domestic pigs. J Med Virol1990; 32: 58–9.
52.
MangX.J., PurcellR.H., HalburP.G.A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatits E virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1997; 94: 9860–5.
53.
BalayanM.S., AndjaparidzeA.G., SavinskaiaS.S.Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via fecal route. Intervirology1983; 20: 23–31.
54.
TicehurstJ.Identification and characterization of hepatitis E virus. In: HollingerF.B., LemmonS.M., MargolisH., eds. Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease.Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1991: 501–13.
55.
GoldsmithR., YarboughP.O., ReyesG.R.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of acute hepatitis E in Egyptian children. Lancet1992; 339: 328–31.
56.
PurdyM.A., McCaustlandK.A., KrawczynskiK.Expression of a hepatitis E virus (HEV)-trpE fusion protein containing epitopes recognized by antibodies in sera from human and experimentally infected primates. Arch Virol1992; 123: 335–49.
57.
TsarevS.A., EmersonS.U., TsarevaT.S.Variation in course of hepatitis E in experimentally infeted cynomolgus monkeys. J Infect Dis1993; 167: 1302–6.
58.
SchroterM., FeuchtH.H., SchaferP., ZollnerB., LaufsR.High percentage of seronegative HCV infections in hemodialysis patients: the need for PCR. Intervirology1997; 40: 277–8.
59.
KhurooM.S., KamiliS., DarM.Y., MoeckliiR., JameelS.Hepatitis E and long-term antibody status. Lancet1993; 341: 1355.
60.
ArankalleV.A., GoverdhanM.K., BanerjeeK.Antibodies against hepatitis E virus in old world monkeys. J Viral Hep1994; 1: 125–9.
61.
KooninE.V., GorbalenyaA.E., PurdyM.A., RozanovN.M., ReyesG.R., BradleyD.W.Computer-assisted assignment of functional domains in the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis E virus: delineation of an addition group of positive-strand RNA plant and animal viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1992; 89: 8259–63.
62.
PisantiF.A., CoppolaA., GalliC.Association between hepatitis C and hepatitis E viruses in southern Italy. Lancet1994; 344: 746–7.