Pulse reverse osmosis (1) is a new theory of fluid balance and exchange which suggests that the mean blood pressure and osmotic gradient control fluid balance and that the pulse controls fluid exchange. In vitro testing has confirmed some of the physico chemical principles underlying the theory (2). The hypothesis suggests a relationship between mean capillary blood pressure and osmotic gradient. Imbalance in this relationship can be related to the development of hypertension, hypotension, oedema and shock. In an attempt to test this concept mean blood pressures and colloid osmotic pressures were measured and compared in a group of 50 healthy human volunteers. The results suggest a curvilinear correlation between the mean blood pressure and the COP.
PriorF.G.R.. Pulsing reverse osmosis at the mechanism underlying fluid exchange.Medical Hypothesis1991; 36: 109–13.
2.
PriorF.G.R., GourlayT., TaylorK.M.T.. Pulse reverse osmosis: a new theory in the maintenance of fluid balance.Perfusion1995; 10: 159–70.
3.
StarlingE.H.. Physiological factors in the causation of the dropsy.Lancet1986; 1: 1405.
4.
StarlingE.H.. On the absorption of fluids from connective tissue spaces.J Physiol London1896; 19: 312–6.
5.
GuytonA.C.. A concept of negative interstitial pressure based on pressures in implated perforated capsules.Circ Res1963; 17: 399–414.
6.
WiederhelmC.A.. Dynamics of transcapillary fluid exchange.J Gen Physiol1968; 52: 295–365.
7.
HardyF.J., ScottJ.B., GregaG.J.. Peripheral circulation: fluid transfer across the microvascular membrane. In: Guyton AC, Cowley AW, Jr, eds. Cardiovasclar physiology II.Baltimore: University Park Press, Int Review of Physiology1976; 9: 63.
8.
IntagliettaM.. Transcapillary exchange of fluid in single micro-vessels. In: Kaley G, Altura BM, eds. Microcirculation.Baltimore: University Park Press, 1977; 1: 197.
9.
LittleR.C.. Physiology of the heart and circulation.Year Book Medical Publishers. USA3rd edn1985; 214.
PriorF.G.R.. Book review on progress in applied microcirculation.Perfusion1994; 9: 149.
12.
LecJ.J., TymlK., MenkisA.H., NorvickR.J., McKenzieF.N.. Evaluation of pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow in capillaries of goat skeletal muscle using intravital microscopy.Microvascular Res1994; 48(3): 316–27.
13.
LandisE.M.. The capillary blood pressure in mammalian mesentery as determined by the micro injection method.Am J Physiol1930; 93: 353–62.
14.
LandisE.M.. Micro-injection studies of capillary blood pressure in human skin.Heat1930; 15: 209–28.
15.
RenkinE.M., WatsonP.D., SloopC.H., JotnerW.L., CurryF.E.. Transport pathways for fluid and large molecules in microvascular endothelium of the dogs paw.Microvasc Res1977; 14: 205–14.
16.
HauckG.. Luminescence-microscopic evidence for the existence of a gradient of vascular permeability in the mesenteric capillary bed.Bibl Anat1969; 10: 221–4.
17.
NakamuraY., WaylandJ.. Macromolecular transport in the cat mesentery.Microvasc Res1975; 9: 1–21.
18.
ArforsK.E., RutiliG., SvensjoE.. Microvascular transport of macromolecules in normal and inflammatory conditions.Acta Physiol Scand Suppl1979; 463: 93–103.
19.
CurriS.B.. Vasomotility, sphygmicity and vasomotion in vasomotion and flow motion.Prog Appl Micorcirc, Basel, Karger:1993; 20: 8–13.
20.
TookeJ.E., SandemanD.D., ShoreA.C.. Normal variability of human capillary blood pressure. In: Vasomotion and flow motion.Prog Appl Micro Basel: Karger, 1993; 20: 81–6.
21.
BollingerA., YanarA., HoffmanU., FranzeckU.K.. Is high frequency flux motion due to respiration or to vasomotion activity? In: Allegra C, Intaglietta M, Messmer K, eds.Vasomotion and flow motion, Prog Appl Microcirc Basel: Karger, 1993; 20: 52–8.
22.
BorgstromP., LindblomL., MeyerJ.U., SjoquistM., ArforsK.E., IntagliettaM.. Hemodynamic responses in rabbit tenismus muscle arterioles during local reduction in perfusion pressure.Int J Microcirc Clin Exp1990; 9: 175–86.
23.
BorgstromP., BruttigB., LindblomL., IntagliettaM., ArforsK.E.. Microvascular responses in rabbit skeletal muscle after fixed volume haemorrhage.Am J Physiol1990; 259: H190–6.
24.
BorgstromP., SchmidtJ.A., BruttigS.P., IntagliettaM., ArforsK.E.. Slow wave vasomotion in rabbit skeletal muscle after acute fixed volume haemorrhage.Circ Shock1992; 36: 57–61.
25.
BorgstromP., BrittigS.P., ArforsK.E., IntagliettaM.. Haemorrhage induced vasomotion in sleketal muscle of anaesthetised rabbits.FASEB J1990; 4: M018.
26.
RainesJ.K., DarlingR.C., ButhJ., BrewsterD.C., AustenW.G.. Vascular laboratory criteria for the management of peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities.Surgery1976; 79: 21–9.
27.
ScholanderP.F., HargensA.R., MillerS.L.. Negative pressure in the interstitial fluid of animals.Science1968; 161: 21–8.
28.
HalamaeH., LindeA., AmundsonB.. Comparative analyses of capsular fluid and interstitial fluid.Am J Physiol1974; 227: 1199–205.
