Enhancement of endothelialization and patency of a small diameter (2 mm), wide pore, PTFE graft was attempted by coating the luminal surface with a platelet derived angiogenesis fraction (PDAF) and implanting it in a rat model. PDAF was delivered to the grafts by combining it with a carrier polymer. PDAF-treated grafts were initially implanted in the retroperitoneum for 21 days followed by removal of one for histology and in situ end to side bypass to the infrarenal aorta for the other. Vascularized grafts were examined at 14 days for patency and 100 days for patency and histology. Significant differences were noted in transmural ingrowth of capillaries and tissue at 21 days post implantation in PDAF-treated verses untreated grafts. Similarly, near significance was noted in capillary ingrowth and significance was noted in tissue ingrowth at 100 days in PDAF-treated grafts. Despite favorable trends particularly early in the time course, no significant differences in graft patency, endothelialization, or hydroxyproline content was demonstrated between PDAF-treated and untreated grafts. Results of this preliminary study are encouraging for further study of PDAF-treated PTFE grafts and the potential that rapid vascularized neointima formation results improved in graft patency rates.
BerganJ.J., VeithF.J., BanhardV.M.Randomization of autogenous vein and polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in femoro-distal recontruction.Surgery1982; 92: 921–30.
2.
VeithF.J., SushilK.G., AscerE.Six-year prospective multicenter randomized comparison of autologous saphenous vein and expanded PTFE grafts in infrainguinal arterial recontructions.J Vasc Surg1986; 3: 104–14.
3.
HamlinG.S., RajahS.M., CrowM.J., KesterK.C.Evaluation of the thrombogenic potential of three types of arterial graft studied in an artificial circulation.Br J Surg1978; 65: 272–6.
4.
GoldmanM., NorcottH.C., HawkerR.J., HailC., DrolcZ., McCollumC.N.Femoropopliteal bypass grafts. An isotopic technique allowing in vivo comparison of thrombogenicity.Br J Surg1982; 69: 380–2.
5.
HarkerL.A., SlichterS.J., SauvageL.R.Platelet consumption by arterial prostheses: the effect of endothelialization and pharmacologic inhibition of platelet function.Ann Surg1977; 186: 594–601.
6.
ClagettG.P.In vivo evaluation of platelet reactivity with vascular prostheses. In: StanleyJ.C., ed. Biologic and synthetic vascular prosthese.New York: Grune and Stratton, 1982; 131–52.
7.
HerringM., GardnerA., GloverJ.A single-staged technique for seeding vascular grafts with autogenous endothelium.Surgery1978; 84: 498–504.
8.
SeegerJ.M., KlingmanN.Improved endothelial cell seeding with cultured cells and fibronectin-coated grafts.J Surg Res1985; 38: 641–7.
9.
GloverL.J., HerringM.Endothelial seeding in vascular surgery.Philadelphia: Grune and Stratton, 1987.
10.
AllenB.T., LongJ.A., ClarkR.E., SicardG.A., HopkinsK.T., WelchM.J.Influence of endothelial cell seeding on platelet deposition and patency is small-diameter Dacron arterial grafts.J Vasc Surg1984; 1: 224–33.
11.
ClagettG.P., BurkelW.E., SharefkinJ.B.Platelet reactivity in vivo in dogs with arterial prostheses seeded with endothelial cells.Lab Invest1984; 69: 632–6.
12.
FasolR., ZillaP., DeutschM., GrimmM., FischleinT., LauferG.Human endothelial cell seeding: evaluation of its effectiveness by platelet parameters after one year.J Vasc Surg1989; 9: 432–6.
13.
CallowA.D.Endothelial cell seeding: problems and expectations.J Vasc Surg1987; 6: 318–9.
14.
ZillaP., FasolR., DeutschM.Endothelial cell seeding of PTFE vascular grafts in humans: a preliminary report.J Vasc Surg1987; 6: 535–41.
15.
HerringM., DilleyR., PetersonG.Graft material, length, and diameter determine the patency of small arterial prostheses in dogs.J Surg Res1982; 32: 138–42.
16.
LangerR., FolkmanJ.Polymers for the sustained release of proteins and other macromolecules.Nature1976; 263: 797–800.
17.
KnightonD.R., FiegelV.D., AustinL.L., CiresK.F., ButlerE.L.Classification and treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds, successful treatment with autologous platelet derived wound factor (PDWHF).Ann Surg1986; 204: 322–30.
18.
GimbroneM.A., CotranR.S., LeapmanS.B., FolkmanJ.Tumor growth and neovascularization: an experimental model using the rabbit cornea.J Natl Cancer Inst1974; 52: 413–27.
19.
BoydenS.The chemotactic effect of mixtures of antibody and antigen on polymorphonuclear leukocytes.J Exp Med1962; 115: 466–543.
20.
SchilbL.A., FiegelV.D., KnightonD.R.Hydroxyproline measurement by HPLC: and improvement method of derivatization.Journal of Liquid Chromatography1990; 13(3): 557–67.
21.
Holm-PedersenP.Clinical, biophysical and microphysical aspects of connective tissue repair with special reference to tissue function in man and the rat.Studies on healing capacity in young and old individuals.Copenhagen: International Booksellers and Publishers, Ltd., 1973.
22.
ClarkR.A.F., HensonP.M., eds. The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair.New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
23.
DidisheimP., DewanjeeM.K., FriskC.S., KayeM.P., FassD.N.Animal models for predicting clinical performance of biomaterials for cardiovascular use. In: BoretosJ.W., EdenM., eds. Contempoary biomaterials: material and host response, clinical applications, new technology and legal aspects.New Jersey: Noyes Publications, 1984; 132–76.
24.
DidisheimP.Species selection for vascular graft evaluation. In: Symposium on vascular graft update: safety and performance.Fairfield: American Society for Testing and Materials1986; 169–79.
25.
ClowesA., GownA., HansonS., ReidyM.Mechanisms of arterial graft failure, role of cellular proliferation in early healing of PTFE prosthese.Am J Path1985; 118(1): 43–54.
26.
FloreyH.W., GreerS.J., PooleJ.C.F., WerthessenN.T.The development of the pseudointima lining fabric grafts of the aorta.Br J Exp Path1962; 43: 655–60.
27.
ClowesA., KirkmanT., ReidyM.Mechanisms of arterial graft healing rapid transmural capillary ingrowth provides a source of intimal endothelium and smooth muscle in porous PTFE prostheses.Am J Path1986; 123(2): 220–30.
28.
ZachariasR., KirkmanT., ClowesA.Mechanisms of healing in synthetic grafts.J Vasc Surg1987; 6(5): 429–36.
WhiteR.The effect of porosity and biomaterial on the healing and long-term mechanical properties of vascular prostheses.Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs1988; 34: 95–100.
31.
ArreguiM., DilleyR.S., HerringM.The effect of bacteremia on arterial prostheses seeded with endothelium.ASAIO Trans1985; 8: 118–21.
32.
GloverJ.L., HerringM., eds. Chapter 4-7, 11 in endothelial seeding in vascular surgery.Philadelphia: Grune and Stratton, 1987; 37–118, 165-9.
33.
KovekerG.B., PetzkeK.H., BorgM., NebendahlK.Reduction of thrombogenicity in small-diameter vascular prostheses seeded with autologous endothelial cells.Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon1986; 34: 49–51.
34.
ClagettG.P., BurkelW.E., SharefkinJ.B.Platelet reactivity in vivo in dogs with arterial prostheses seeded with endothelial cells.Circulation1984; 69: 632–9.
