The Rebirth of Bicarbonate

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Mion C.M. , Hegstrom R.M. , Boen S.T. , Scribner B.H. : Substitution of sodium acetate for sodium bicarbonate in the bath fluid for hemodialysis. Transactions of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs 10: 110–113, 1964.

Novello A.C. , Kelsch R.C. , Easterling R.E. : Acetate intolerance during hemodialysis. Clinical Nephrology 5: 29–32, 1976.

Lewis E.J. , Tolchin N. , Roberts J.L. : Estimation of the metabolic conversion of acetate to bicarbonate during hemodialysis. Kidney International 18 suppl. 10: 551–555, 1980.

Mansell M.A. , Nunan T.O. , Laker M.F. , Boon A. , Wing A.J. : Incidence and significance of rising blood acetate levels during hemodialysis. Clinical Nephrology 12(1): 22–25, 1979.

Rosa A. , Fryd D.S. , Kjellstrand C.M. : Dialysis symptoms and stabilization in long term dialysis. Archives of Internal Medicine 40: 804–807, 1980.

Guarnieri G.F. , Carretta R. , Toigo G. , Campanacci L. : Acetate intolerance in chronic uremic patients. Nephron 24: 212–216, 1979.

Knowles S.E. , Jarrett I.G. , Filsell O.H. , Ballard F.J. : Production and utilization of acetate in mammals. Biochemistry Journal 142: 401–411, 1974.

Ballard F.J. : Supply and utilization of acetate in mammals. Comments in biochemistry. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25: 773–779, 1972.

DeFronzo R.A. , Tobin J.D. , Rowe J.W. , Andres R. : Glucose intolerance in uremia. Quantification of pancreatic beta cell sensitivity to glucose and tissue sensitivity to insulin. Journal of Clinical Investigation 62: 425–435, 1978.

Dagel M.J. , Ahmad S. , Vizzo J.E. , Scribner B.H. : Acetate and bicarbonate fluctuations and acetate intolerance during dialysis. Kidney International 21: 513–518, 1982.

Burns C.B. , Scheinhorn D.J. : Hypoxemia during hemodialysis. Archives of Internal Medicine 142: 1350–1353, 1982.

Mayfield E.D. , Bensadoun A. , Johnson B.C. : Acetate metabolism in ruminant tissues. Journal of Nutrition 89: 189–192, 1966.

Zucchelli P. , Catizone L. , Esposti E.D. , Fusaroli M. , Ligabue A. , Zuccala A. : Influence of ultrafiltration on plasma renin activity and adrenergic system. Nephron 21: 317–324, 1978.

Kinet J.P. , Soyeur D. , Balland N. , Saint-Remy M. , Collignon P. , Godon J.P. : Hemodynamic study of hypotension during hemodialysis. Kidney International 21: 868–876, 1982.

Van Stone J.C. , Bauer J. , Carey J. : The effect of dialysate sodium concentration on body fluid compartment volume, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in chronic hemodialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Disease 2(1): 58–64, 1982.

Aizawa Y. , Ohmori T. , Imaik K. , Nara Y. , Matsvoka M. , Hirasawa Y. : Depressant action of acetate upon the human cardiovascular system. Clinical Nephrology 8(5): 477–480, 1977.

Maxwell M.H. , Kleenan C. : Clinical disorders of fluid and electrolyte metabolism. Third Edition page 503, 1980.

Ylikorkala O. , Huttunen K. , Jarvi J. , Viinikka L. : Prostacyclin and thromboxane in chronic remia: effect of hemodialysis. Clinical Nephrology 18(2): 83–87, 1982.

Pederson J. , Rodriguez M. , Llach F. : Colloid oncotic pressure and plasma refilling rate during isolated ultrafiltration and regular dialysis (abstracted). Kidney International 21(1): 175, 1982.

Shaldon S. , Bean C. , Deschodt G. , Ramperez P. , Mion C. : Vascular stability during hemofiltration. Transactions of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs 26: 391–393, 1980.

Clancy R.L. , Cingolani H.E. , Taylor R.R. , Graham T.P. Jr. , Gilmore J.P. : Influence of sodium bicarbonate on myocardial performance. American Journal of Physiology 212(4): 917–923, 1962.

Mitchell J.H. , Wildenthal K. , Johnson R. : The effects of acid base disturbances on cardiovascular and pulmonary function. Kidney International 1: 375–389, 1972.

Tolchin N. , Roberts J.L. , Hayashi J. , Lewis E.J. : Metabolic consequences of high mass transfer hemodialysis. Kidney International 11: 366–378, 1977.

Sherlock J.E. , Ledwith J. , Letteri J. : Hypoventilation and hypoxemia during dialysis: Reflex respiration to removal of CO₂ across dialyzer. Transactions of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs 23: 406–410, 1977.

Oh M.S. , Uribarri J.V. , Del Monte M.L. .: Consumption of CO₂ in metabolism of acetate as an explanation for hypoventilation and hypoxemia during hemodialysis. Proceedings of Clinical Dialysis and Transplantation Forum 9: 226–229, 1979.

Eiser A.R. , Jayamahne D. , Kokseng C. , Che H. , Slifkin R.F. , Neff M.S. : Contrasting alterations in pulmonary gas exchange during acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis. American Journal of Nephrology 2: 123–127, 1982.

Raja R.M. , Kramer M.S. , Rosenbaum J.L. , Bolisay C.G. , Krug M.J. : Hemodialysis associated hypoxemia — Role of acetate and pH in etiology. Transactions of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs 27: 180–184, 1981.

Dolan M.J. , Whipp B.J. , Davidson W.D. , Weitzman R.E. , Wasserman K. : Hypopnea associated with acetate hemodialysis: carbon dioxide flow-dependent ventilation. New England Journal of Medicine 305(2): 72–75, 1981.

Morin R.J. , Srikantaiah M.Y. , Woodley Z. , Davidson W.D. : Effect of hemodialysis with acetate vs bicarbonate on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in uremic patients. Journal of Dialysis 4(1): 9–20, 1980.

Kluge , Wildberger , Henck , Wirth , Ritz : Effect on serum lipids of bicarbonate dialysis (abstracted). Kidney International 17(3): 409, 1980.