Retrograde perfusion of the coronary veins with oxygenated blood is effective. Closed chest transarterial left ventricular bypass was developed by Hans Zwart to support the failing left ventricle. Transapical left ventricular bypass started by Alex Kralios, later studied by Jeffrey Peters et al, became effective when filters were introduced into the system –- first surviving patient! One must be prepared to support both ventricles. Retrograde transpulmonary bypass (Kralios) is as yet only experimental. The blood is pumped from one occluded pulmonary artery into the aorta. Plasmapheresis removes particles with a molecular weight of 7 to 45,000 which may be harmful in patients with burns or oxygenators since they blind the leukocytes. Starling's Law will regulate the total artificial heart. The future is for the electrohydraulic artificial heart by Robert Jarvik. However, air driven hearts may offer a life of sufficient quality to people now doomed to die. All types of hemodialyzers or peritoneal dialyzers should be made portable or wearable. The «mouse» is a good peritoneal access device. It makes recirculating peritoneal dialysis practical.
MoulopoulosS.D., TopazS.R., KolffW.J.: Diastolic Balloon Pumping (with Carbon Dioxide), in the Aorta — A Mechanical Assistance to the Failing Circulation.Am. Heart Journal,63: 669–675, 1962.
2.
MoulopoulosS.D., TopazS.R., KolffW.J.: Extracorporeal Assistance to the Circulation and Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping, Tr. ASAIOVIII: 85–89, 1962.
ZwartH.H.J.: First Clinical Application of Transarterial Closed-Chest Left Ventricular Bypass, Tr. ASAIOXVI: 386–391, 1970.
11.
KraliosA.C., Kwan-GettC.S., DeVriesW., KolffW.J.: Transapical Left Ventricular Bypass; Letters in Applied & Engineering Science1: 179–192, 1973.
12.
PetersJ.L., McReaJ.C., FukumasuH., IwayaF., KolffW.J.: Transapical Left Ventricular Bypass: A Method for Partial or Totally Circulatory Support; J. of Art. Org. Vol. 2, No. 3: 263–267, August 1978.
13.
WatanabeK., KabeiN., McReaJ.C., PetersJ.L.: Continuous Measurement of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption (MVO2) and Hemodynamic Response during.Transapical Left Ventricular Bypass (TALVB); Tr. ASAIOXXI: 566, 1975.
14.
PetersJ.L., FukumasuH., McReaJ.C., NakagakiM., IwayaF., OwenD., KolffJ., KolffW.J.: Prolonged Transapical Left Ventricular Bypass (TALVB) in Sheep and Man:Tr. ASAIOXXIV: 113–121, 1978.
15.
TaguchiK., MochizukiT., MurashitaJ., MaruyamanT., TakataI., IwamiyaH., TagamiS.: Experimental and Clinical Left or Biventricular Assist Device with Local Heparinization and Blood Filtration, Chap. 20 of book, Assisted Circulation. Edited by F. Unger; Publ. Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, N.Y.: 209–217, 1979.
16.
KulikJ.P.: Title in Russian; Address Dr. Kulik; Surgical Department, Blagovescensk on Amor 50 let Oktjabra Street No. 4, USSR, 1972.
17.
PetersJ.L., McReaJ.C., FukumasuH., KolffW.J.: Extracorporeal Biventricular Bypass (BVB) of the Natural Heart; Tr. ASAIOXXIII: 506, 1977.
18.
KraliosA.C., ZwartH.H.J., KolffW.J.: Left Heart «Demand» Bypass Using Unilateral Retrograde Transpulmonary Flow; Supplement III CirculationXLII: 4 (Abstract), 1970.
19.
KraliosA.C., ZwartH.H.J., Kwan-GettC.S., KolffW.J.: Retrograde Transpulmonary Flow for Left Heart Bypass; (Abstract), Federation Proceeding30: 695, 1971.
20.
LockwoodC.M.: Plasma-Exchange: An overviewPlasma Therapy; Vol. 1, No. 1: 1–12, March 1979.
21.
KolffJ., HershgoldE.J., HadfieldC., OlsenD.B., LawsonJ.H., KolffW.J.: The Improving Hematologic Picture in Long-Term Surviving Calves with Total Artificial Hearts; J.Artificial Organs Vol. 3, No.1: 97, 1979.
22.
JarvikR.K.: Recent Successes with Total Replacement of the Heart; Chapter in book entitled. Quantitative Cardiovascular Studies, Clinical and Research Applications of Engineering Principles. Edited by HwangN.H.C., GrossD.R., and PatelD.J.Univ. Press, Baltimore, Md. Pages 751–767, 1979.
23.
StanleyT.H., EnglishJ.B., LunnJ.K., OlsenD.B., KolffW.J.: Use of the Bovine with an Artificial Heart as an Experimental Pharmacologic Model-Peripheral Vascular and Direct Cardiac Effects of a Large Dose of Dopamine; J. Art. Org. Vol. 2, No. 3: 310–313, August 1978.
24.
LawsonJ.H., FukumasuH., OlsenD.B., JarvikR.K., KesslerT.R., ColemanD., PonsA.B.; BlaylockR., KolffW.J.: Six-Month Survival of a Calf with an Artificial Heart; J. Thorac. & Cardiovasc. Surgery Vol. 77, No. 7: 150, July 1979.
25.
OlsenD.B., FukumasuH., IwayaF., KolffW.J.: Implantation & Pathophysiology of the Total Heart in Calves from One to Six Months; Proc. 27 Int. Congr. of Europ. Soc. of Cardio-Vascular Surg. Lyon-France, June/July; pags. 89–96, 1978.
26.
JarvikR.K., NielsenS.D., OrthJ., SummersR.L., IsaacsonM.S., KolffW.J.: Development of a Reversing Electrohydraulic Energy Converter for Left Ventricular Assist Devices; Annual Report to NIH; November 1978.
27.
KolffW.J., LawsonJ.H.: Perspectives for the Total Artificial Heart; Transplantation ProceedingXI; No. 1: 317–324, March 1979.
28.
KolffW.J.: Future of Dialysis; Chap. 42 of book Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis. Edit. DrukkerW., ParsonsF.M., MaherJ.F., Publ. Martinus Nyhoff BV-Med. Div. The Tague, Boston, London, pp. 702–710, 1978.
29.
JacobsenS.C., StephenR.L., BullochE.C., LuntzR.D., KolffW.J.: A Wearable Artificial Kidney: Functional Descriptions of Hardware and Clinical Results; Proc.Clin. Dial. Transpl. Forum5: 65, 1975.
30.
WarnerJ.: Dialysis in Wonderland; (to be submitted to NAPHT, 1980).
31.
OreopoulousD.G., RobsonM., IsattS., ClaytonS., DeVeberG.A.: A Simple & Safe Technique for Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD); Tr. ASAIOXXIV: 484–487, 1978.
32.
KablitzC., StephenR.L., JacobsenS.C., KirkhamR., KolffW.J.: Reciprocating Peritoneal Dialysis; Dialysis and Transplant Vol. 7, No. 3: 211–214, March 1978.
33.
KablitzC., KesslerT., DewP.A., StephenR.L., KolffW.J.: Subcutaneous Peritoneal Catheter: 2 1/2 Years Experience; J. Art. Organs Vol. 3, No. 3: 210–214, August 1979.
