Polypropylene oxygenators: Risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in the operation theatre?

Schneider E Bermingham A Pebody R , et al. SARS, MERS, and other coronavirus infections. In: DL Heymann (ed.) Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 20th edn. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 2015, pp. 539–549.

Morawska L Milton DK. It is time to address airborne transmission of COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. Epub ahead of print July 2020. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa939.

Nardell EA Nathavitharana RR. Airborne spread of SARS-CoV-2 and a potential role for air disinfection. JAMA 2020; 324(2): 141–142.

Zhang W Du RH Li B , et al. Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9(1): 386–389.

Tan Z Phoon PHY Zeng LA , et al. Response and operating room preparation for the COVID-19 outbreak: a perspective from the National Heart Centre in Singapore. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34(9): 2331–2337.

Dres M Sonia Burrel S Boutolleau D , et al. SARS-CoV-2 does not spread through ECMO or dialysis membranes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202(3): 458–460.

Lim M. The history of extracorporeal oxygenators. Anaesthesia 2006; 61(10): 984–995.

Cascella M Rajnik M Cuomo A , et al. Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls, 2020.

ISO 7199:2016. Cardiovascular implants and artificial organs – Blood-gas exchangers (oxygenators).

Alexander JH. Long term blood oxygenation membranes. Theses and Dissertations - Biomedical Engineering. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/28 (2015, accessed 10 June 2020).

Hinz J Molder JM Hanekop GG , et al. Reduced sevoflurane loss during cardiopulmonary bypass when using a polymethylpentane versus a polypropylene oxygenator. Int J Artif Organs 2013; 36: 233–239.

Wiesenack C Wiesner G Keyl C , et al. In vivo uptake and elimination of isoflurane by different membrane oxygenators during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 133–138.

Nigro Neto C De Simone F Cassara L , et al. Tricks, tips, and literature review on the adapted vaporize system to deliver volatile agents during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Card Anaesth 2016; 19: 240–244.

Nigro Neto C Andrade AJP Leal E , et al. Development of a prototype anti-pollution filter for volatile anesthetics. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 43(7): 476–481.

Feldman JLR . Faq on anesthesia machine use, protection, and decontamination during the Covid-19 pandemic. APSF online, https://www.apsf.org/faq-on-anesthesia-machine-use-protection-and-decontamination-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020, accessed 12 June 2020).