What if the ATN trial …?

Lowrie E.G. , Laird N.M. , Parker T.F. , Sargent J.A. . Effect of the hemodialysis prescription on patient morbidity. N Engl J Med 1981; 20: 1176–81.

Acchiardo S.R. , Hatten K.W. , Ruvinsky M.S. , Dyson B. , Fuller J. , Moore L.W. . Inadequate dialysis increases gross mortality rate. ASAIO J 1992; 38: M282–5.

Levy E.M. , Viscoli C.M. , Horwitz R.I. . The effect of acute renal failure on mortality. A cohort analysis. JAMA 1996; 275: 1489–94.

Chertow G.M. , Levy E.M. , Hammermeister K.E. , Grover F. , Daley J. . Independent association between acute renal failure and mortality following cardiac surgery. Am J Med 1998; 104: 343–8.

Metnitz P.G. , Krenn C.G. , Steltzer H. , Lang T. , Ploder J. , Lenz K. , Le Gall J.R. , Druml W. . Effect of acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy on outcome in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 2051–8.

Chertow G.M. , Burdick E. , Honour M. , Bonventre J.V. , Bates D.W. . Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 3365–70.

Liano F. , Pascual J. . Epidemiology of acute renal failure: a prospective, multicenter, community-based study. Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int 1996; 50: 811–7.

Uchino S. , Kellum J.A. , Bellomo R. , Doig G.S. , Morimatsu H. , Morgera S. , Schetz M. , Tan I. , Bouman C. , Macedo E. . Acute renal failure in critically ill patients: a multinational, multicenter study. JAMA 2005; 294: 813–8.

Ronco C. , Bellomo R. , Homel P. , Brendolan A. , Dan M. , Piccinni P. , La Greca G. . Effects of different doses in continuous venovenous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 2000; 356: 26–30.

Saudan P. , Niederberger M. , De Seigneux S. , Romand J. , Pugin J. , Perneger T. , Martin P.Y. . Adding a dialysis dose to continuous hemofiltration increases survival in patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int 2006; 70: 1312–17.

Schiffl H. , Lang S.M. , Fischer R. . Daily hemodialysis and the outcome of acute renal failure. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 305–10.

Bouman C.S. , Oudemans-Van Straaten H.M. , Tijssen J.G. , Zandstra D.F. , Kesecioglu J. . Effects of early high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration on survival and recovery of renal function in intensive care patients with acute renal failure: a prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 2205–11.

Tolwani A. , Campbell R.C. , Stofan B.S. , Lai K.R. , Oster R.A. , Wille K.M. . Standard versus high-dose CVVHDF for ICU-related Acute Renal Failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; Mar 12 [Epub ahead of print].

Overberger P. , Pesecreta M. , Palevsky P. . Management of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: A survey of practitioner prescribing practices. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 2: 623–30.

Ricci Z. , Ronco C. , D'amico G. . Practice patterns in the management of acute renal failure in the critically ill patient: an international survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21: 690–6.

Palevsky P.M. , O'Connor T. , Zhang J.H. , Star R.A. , Smith M.W. . Design of the VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network (ATN) Study: intensive versus conventional renal support in acute renal failure. Clin Trials 2005; 2: 423–35.

Palewsky P.M. . Timing and dose of continuous renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. Crit Care 2007; 11: 232–7.

Bellomo R. . Do we know the optimal dose for renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit? Kidney Int 2006; 70: 1202–4.

Gotch F.A. , Sargent J.A. . Mechanistic analysis of the national cooperative dialysis study. Kidney Int 1985; 28: 526–34.

Sargent J.A. . Shortfalls in the delivery of dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1990; 15: 500–10.

Hakim R.M. , Depner T.A. , Parker T.F. . Adequacy of hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 20: 107–23.

Cheung A.K. , Levin N.W. , Greene T. . Effects of high flux hemodialysis on clinical outcomes: results of the HEMO study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 3251–63.

Churchill D.N. , Taylor D.W. , Keshaviah P.R. for the CANUSA study group: Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: Association with clinical putcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7: 198–207.

Churchill D.N. , The ADEMEX Study: make haste slowly. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 1415–8.

Prichard S. . ADEMEX and HEMO trials: where are we going? Blood Purif 2003; 21: 42–5.

Locatelli F. , Gauly A. , Czekalski S. , Hannedouche T. , Jacobson S.H. , Loureiro A. , Martin-Malo A. , Papadimitriou M. , Passlick-Deetjen J. , Ronco C. , Vanholder R. , Wizemann V. ; Membrane Permeability Outcome (MPO) Study Group. The MPO Study: just a European HEMO Study or something very different? Blood Purif 2008; 26: 100–4.

Ronco C. . Renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury: let's follow the evidence. Int J Artif Organs 2007; 30: 89–94.