Various modalities of high-intensity hemodialysis are gathering increasing popularity. Some of the advantages of these new dialysis regimens are presented. Time and the increasing use of these novel approaches will ultimately determine their role in the overall management of patients with end-stage renal disease.
KjellstrandC., IngT.. Daily hemodialysis: history and revival of a superior dialysis method.ASAIO J1998; 44: 117–22.
2.
BlaggC.R., IngT.S., BerryD., KjellstrandC.M.. The history and rationale of daily and nightly hemodialysis.Contrib Nephrol2004; 145: 1–9.
3.
ShaldonS.. Experience to date with home hemodialysis. In: ScribnerB.H., ed. Proceedings of the Working Conference on Chronic Dialysis.Seattle: University of Washington; 1964. p 64–9.
BlaggC.R., ClarkM., PollardT.L., SawyerT.K.. A regional program for the treatment of chronic renal failure (abstract). Vth International Congress of Nephrology, Mexico City, 1972. p 15.
6.
BoltonC.F., BaltzanM.A., BaltzanR.B.. Effects of renal transplantation on uremic neuropathy. Clinical and electrophysiologic study.N Eng J Med1971; 284: 1170–5.
7.
LaurentG., CalemardE., CharraB.. Long dialysis: a review of fifteen years experience in one centre 1968–1983.Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc1983; 20: 122–9.
8.
CharraB., CalemardE., RuffetM., ChazotC., TerratJ.C., VanelT., LaurentG.. Survival as an index of adequacy of dialysis.Kidney Int1992; 41: 1286–91.
9.
CharraB., TerratJ.C., VanelT., ChazotC., JeanG., HurotJ.M., LorriauxC.. Long thrice-weekly hemodialysis: the Tassin experience.Int J Artif Organs2004; 27: 265–83.
10.
FriedmanA.. Haemodialysis for French patients.Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; 14: 30–1.
11.
WolfeR.A.. The standardized mortality ratio revisited: improvements, innovations and limitations.Am J Kidney Dis1994; 24: 290–7.
12.
CharraB., VoVanC., MarcelliD., RuffetM., JeanG., HurotJ.M., TerratJ.C., VanelT., ChazotC.. Diabetes mellitus in Tassin, France: Remarkable transformation in incidence and outcome of ESRD in diabetes.Adv Ren Replace Ther2001; 8: 42–56.
13.
BellR.L., CurtisF.K., BabbA.L.. Analog simulation of the patient-artificial kidney system.Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs1965; 11: 183–91.
14.
DePalmaJ.R., PeckerE.A., MaxwellM.H.. A new automatic coil dialyzer system for ‘daily’ dialysis.Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc1969; 6: 26–34.
TwardowskiZ.. Effect of long-term increase in the frequency and/or prolongation of dialysis duration on certain clinical manifestations and results of laboratory investigations in patients with chronic renal failure.Acta Medica Polona1975; 16: 31–44.
17.
GeorgeC.R.P., FarrellP.C.. A preliminary assessment of daily dialysis.Dial Transplant1977; 6: 10–5.
BuoncristianiU.. Fifteen years of clinical experience with daily haemodialysis.Nephrol Dial Transplant1998; 13(Suppl 6): S148–51.
20.
KjellstrandC.M., EvansR.L., PetersenR.J., ShidemanJ.R., von HartitzschB., BuselmeierT.J.. The “unphysiology” of dialysis: a major cause of dialysis side effects?Kidney Int Suppl1975; 2: S30–4.
21.
UldallR., OuwendykM., FrancoeurR., WallaceL., SitW., VasS., PierratosA.. Slow nocturnal home hemodialysis at the Wellesley Hospital.Adv Ren Replace Ther1996; 3: 133–6.
22.
MucsiI., HerczG., UldallR., OuwendykM., FrancoeurR., PierratosA.. Control of serum phosphate without any phosphate binders in patients treated with nocturnal hemodialysis.Kidney Int1998; 53: 1399–404.
PinciaroliA.R.. Results of daily hemodialysis in Catanzaro: 12-year experience with 22 patients treated for more than one year.Home Hemodial Int1998; 2: 12–7.
25.
ShermanR.A.. Volume effects of daily hemodialysis.Home Hemodial Int1998; 2: 22–5.
26.
BuoncristianiU., FagugliR., CiaoG., CiucciA., CarobiC., QuintalianiG., PasiniP.. Left ventricular hypertrophy in daily dialysis.Miner Electrolyte Metab1999; 25: 90–4.
27.
WoodsJ.D., PortF.K., OrzolS., BuoncristianiU., YoungE., WolfeR.A., HeldP.J.. Clinical and biochemical correlates of starting “daily” hemodialysis.Kidney Int1999; 55: 2467–76.
28.
CovicA., GoldsmithD.J., VenningM.C., AckrillP.. Long-hours home haemodialysis - the best renal replacement therapy method?QMJ1999; 92: 251–60.
29.
FagugliR.M., ReboldiG., QuintalianiG., PasiniP., CiaoG., CicconiB., PasticciF., KaufmanJ.M., BuoncristianiU.. Short daily hemodialysis: blood pressure control and left ventricular mass reduction in hypertensive hemodialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis2001; 38: 371–6.
30.
GallandR., TraegerJ., ArkoucheW., CleaudC., DelawariE., FouqueD.. Short daily hemodialysis rapidly improves nutritional status in hemodialysis patients.Kidney Int2001; 60: 1555–60.
31.
HanlyP.J., PierratosA.. Improvement of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure who undergo nocturnal hemodialysis.N Engl J Med2001; 344: 102–7.
32.
LockridgeR.S., SpencerM., CraftV., PipkinM., CampbellD., McPhatterL., AlbertJ., AndersonH., JenningsF., BargerT.. Nightly home hemodialysis: Five and one-half years of experience in Lynchburg, Virginia.Hemodial Int2004; 8: 61–9.
AndreM.B., RemboldS.M., PereiraC.M., LugonJ.. Prospective evaluation of an in-center daily hemodialysis program: results of two years of treatment.Am J Nephrol2002; 22: 473–9.
35.
ChanC.T., FlorasJ.S., MillerJ.A., RichardsonR.M., PierratosA.. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after conversion to nocturnal hemodialysis.Kidney Int2002; 61: 2235–9.
36.
HonkanenE., Muroma-KarttunenR., TaponenR.M., Grönhagen-RiskaC.. Starting a home hemodialysis program: single center experience.Scand J Urol Nephrol2002; 36: 137–44.
37.
ChanC.T., HarveyP.J., PictonP., PierratosA., MillerJ.A., FlorasJ.S.. Short-term blood pressure, noradrenergic, and vascular effects of nocturnal home hemodialysis.Hypertension2003; 42: 925–31.
38.
HeidenheimA.P., MuirheadN., MoistL., LindsayR.M.. Patient quality of life on quotidian hemodialysis.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42(Suppl 1): S36–41.
39.
NesrallahG., SuriR., MoistL., KortasC., LindsayR.M.. Volume control and blood pressure management in patients undergoing quotidian hemodialysis.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42(Suppl 1): S13–7.
40.
SpannerE., SuriR., HeidenheimA.P., LindsayR.M.. The impact of quotidian hemodialysis on nutrition.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42(Suppl 1): S30–5.
41.
TingG.O., KjellstrandC., FreitasT., CarrieB.J., ZarghameeS.. Long-term study of high-comorbidity ESRD patients converted from conventional to short daily hemodialysis.Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42: 1020–35.
42.
ChanC.T., HanlyP., GaborJ., PictonP., PierratosA., FlorasJ.S.. Impact of nocturnal hemodialysis on the variability of heart rate and duration of hypoxia during sleep.Kidney Int2004; 65: 661–5.
43.
LindsayR.M.. Patient testimonial -'back in the land of the living’. As told by quotidian hemodialysis patients.Contrib Nephrol2004; 145: 117–21.
44.
LindsayR.M.. Daily/Nocturnal Dialysis Study Group: The London, Ontario, Daily/Nocturnal Hemodialysis Study.Semin Dial2004; 17: 85–91.
45.
TraegerJ., GallandR., DelawariE., ArkoucheW., HaddenR.. Six years’ experience with short daily hemodialysis: do the early improvements persist in the mid and long term?Hemodial Int2004; 8: 151–8.
46.
WilliamsA.W., ChebroluS.B., IngT.S., TingG., BlaggC.R., TwardowskiZ.J., WoredekalY., DelanoB., GandhiV.C., KjellstrandC.M.. Daily Dialysis Study Group: Early clinical, quality-of-life, and biochemical changes of “daily hemodialysis” (6 dialyses per week).Am J Kidney Dis2004; 43: 90–102.
47.
AyusJ.C., MizaniM.R., AchingerS.G., ThadhaniR., GoA.S., LeeS.. Effects of short daily versus conventional hemodialysis on left ventricular hypertrophy and inflammatory markers: a prospective, controlled study.J Am Soc Nephrol2005; 16: 2778–88.
48.
ChanC.T., JainV., PictonP., PierratosA., FlorasJ.S.. Nocturnal hemodialysis increases arterial baroreflex sensitivity and compliance and normalizes blood pressure of hypertensive patients with end-stage renal disease.Kidney Int2005; 68: 338–44.
49.
WalshM., CulletonB., TonelliM., MannsB.. A systematic review of the effect of nocturnal hemodialysis on blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia, mineral metabolism, and health-related quality of life.Kidney Int2005; 67: 1500–8.
50.
FagugliR.M., PasiniP., PasticciF., CiaoG., CicconiB., BuoncristianiU.. Effects of short daily hemodialysis and extended standard hemodialysis on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy: a comparative study.J Nephrol2006; 19: 77–83.
51.
Goldfarb-RumyantzevA.S., LeypoldtJ.K., NelsonN., KutnerN.G., CheungA.K.. A crossover study of short daily haemodialysis.Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21: 166–75.
52.
MahadevanK., PellicanoR., ReidA., KerrP., PolkinghorneK., AgarJ.. Comparison of biochemical, haematological and volume parameters in two treatment schedules of nocturnal home haemodialysis.Nephrology (Carlton)2006; 11: 413–8.
53.
Odar-CederlöfI., BjellerupP., WilliamsA., BlaggC.R., TwardowskiZ., TingG., KjellstrandC.M.. Daily dialyses decrease plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a biomarker of left ventricular dysfunction.Hemodial Int2006; 4: 394–8.
54.
PierratosA., McFarlaneP., ChanC.T., KwokS., NesrallahG.. Daily home dialysis in 2006. State of the art.Minerva Urol Nefrol2006; 58: 99–115.
55.
BeecroftJ.M., HoffsteinV., PierratosA., ChanC.T., McFarlaneP., HanlyP.J.. Nocturnal haemodialysis increases pharyngeal size in patients with sleep apnoea and end-stage renal disease.Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; Sep 22 [Epub ahead of print].
56.
BernardoC.E.M., BernadoC.M., BernardoA.A.. Frequent or prolonged hemodialysis: Hope for improved clinical outcomes.Kidney: A current survey of world literature2007; 10: 52–8.
57.
CulletonB.F., WalshM., KlarenbachS.W., MortisG., Scott-DouglasN., QuinnR.R., TonelliM., DonnellyS., FriedrichM.G., KumarA., MahallatiH., HemmelgarnB.R., MannsB.J.. Effect of frequent nocturnal hemodialysis vs. conventional hemodialysis on left ventricular mass and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA2007; 298: 1291–9.
58.
KrausM., BurkartJ., HegemanR., SolomonR., CoplonN., MoranJ.. A comparison of center-based vs. home-based daily hemodialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease.Hemodial Int2007; 11: 468–77.
59.
KumarV.A., LedezmaM.L., RasgonS.A.. Daily home hemodialysis at a health maintenance organization: Three-year experience.Hemodial Int2007; 11: 225–30.
60.
MacgregorM.S.. Alternatives to standard hemodialysis.Hemodial Int2007; 11: 10–6.
61.
NesrallahG.E., SuriR.S., LindsayR.M., PierratosA.. Frequent hemodialysis. In: DaugirdasJ.T., BlakeP.G., IngT.S. (eds). Handbook of Dialysis, 4th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p 252–64.
62.
BergmanA., FentonS.S., RichardsonR.M., ChanC.T.. Reduction in cardiovascular related hospitalization with nocturnal home hemodialysis.Clin Nephrol2008; 69: 33–9.
63.
EknoyanG., BeckG.J., CheungA.K.. Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study Group. Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis.N Engl J Med2002; 347: 2010–9.
64.
U.S.,USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States,National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD: Annual mortality rate for dialysis patients:2005, Table H.4, page 207.
65.
MeesE.J.. Volaemia and blood pressure in renal failure: have old truths been forgotten?Nephrol Dial Transplant1995; 10: 1297–8.
66.
Tycho VuurmansJ.L., BoerW.H., BosW.J., BlankestijnP.J., KoomansH.A.. Contribution of volume overload and angiotensin II to the increased pulse wave velocity of hemodialysis patients.J Am Soc Nephrol2002; 13: 177–83.
67.
ZoccaliC., DuneaG.. Hypertension. In: Handbook of Dialysis, 3rd ed.DaugirdasJ.T., BlakeP.G., IngT.S., eds. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2001; 466–76.
68.
WilsonJ., ShahT., NissensonA.R.. Role of sodium and volume in the pathogenesis of hypertension in hemodialysis.Semin Dial2004; 17: 260–4.
69.
LuikA.J., van KuijkW.H., SpekJ., de HeerF., van BortelL.M., SchiffersP.M., van HooffJ.P., LeunissenK.M.. Effect of hypervolemia on interdialytic hemodynamics and blood pressure control in hemodialysis patients.Am J Kidney Dis1997; 30: 466–74.
70.
KoomanJ.P., LeunissenK.M., LuikA.J.. Salt and hypertension in end-stage renal disease.Blood Purif1998; 16: 301–11.
71.
TitzeJ., BauerK., SchafflhuberM., DietschP., LangR., SchwindK.H., LuftF.C., EckardtK.U., HilgersK.F.. Internal sodium balance in DOCA-salt rats: a body composition study.Am J Renal Physiol2005; 289: F793–802.
72.
TitzeJ.. Water-free Na+ retention: Interaction with hypertension and tissue hydration.Blood Purif2008; 26: 95–9.
73.
RitzE.. Where does some of the ingested sodium chloride hide without exerting osmotic pressure?J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 17: 3–11.
74.
SchafflhuberM., VolpiN., DahlmannA., HilgersK.F., MaccariF., DietschP., WagnerH., LuftF.C., EckardtK.U., TitzeJ.. Mobilization of osmotically inactive Na+ by growth and by dietary salt restriction in rats.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol2007; 292: F1490–500.
75.
ZagerP.G., NikolicJ., BrownR.H., CampbellM.A., HuntW.C., PetersonD., Van StoneJ., LeveyA., MeyerK.B., KlagM.J., JohnsonH.K., ClarkE., SadlerJ.H., TeredesaiP.. “U” curve association of blood pressure and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Medical Directors of Dialysis Clinic, Inc.Kidney Int1998; 54: 561–9.
76.
StidleyC.A., HuntW.C., TentoriF., SchmidtD., RohrscheibM., PaineS., BedrickE.J., MeyerK.B., JohnsonH.K., ZagerP.G.; Medical Directors of Dialysis Clinic Inc. Changing relationship of blood pressure with mortality over time among hemodialysis patients.J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 17: 513–20.
77.
LevinN.W., BlaggC.R., TwardowskiZ.J., ShaldonS., BowerJ.D.. What clinical insights from the early days of dialysis are being overlooked today?Semin Dial2005; 18: 13–21.
78.
MorrisonG., SingerI.. Hyperosmolal states. In: NarinsR.G. (ed). Maxwell & Kleeman's Clinical Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism, 5th ed.New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1994. p 617–58.
79.
SchrierR.W., GurevichA.K., AbrahamW.T.. Renal sodium excretion, edematous disorders, and diuretic use. In: SchrierR.W. (ed). Renal and Electrolyte Disorders.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. p 64–114.
80.
DepnerT.A., DaugirdasJ.T., GoldsteinS., MeyerK.B., IngT.S., NorrisK., KumarV.. Guideline 5. Control of volume and blood pressure. Clinical Practice Recommendations for Guideline 4: Minimally Adequate Hemodialysis. National Kidney Foundation, Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hemodialysis Adequacy, Update 2006. Am J Kidney Dis2006; 48 (Suppl 1): S2–90.
81.
ScribnerB.H.. Can antihypertensive medications control BP in haemodialysis patients: yes or no?Nephrol Dial Transplant1999; 14: 2599–601.
82.
TwardowskiZ.J.. Treatment time and ultrafiltration rate are more important in dialysis prescription than small molecule clearance.Blood Purif2007; 25: 90–8.
83.
LuikA.J., CharraB., KatzarskiK., HabetsJ., CheriexE.C., MenheereP.P., LaurentG., BergströmJ., LeunissenK.M.. Blood pressure control and hemodynamic changes in patients on long time dialysis treatment.Blood Purif1998; 16: 197–209.
84.
ComtyC., RottkaH., ShaldonS.. Blood pressure control in patients with end-stage renal failure treated by intermittent haemodialysis.Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc1964; 1: 209–13.
85.
CharraB., BergstromJ., ScribnerB.H.. Blood pressure control in dialysis patients: importance of the lag phenomenon.Am J Kidney Dis1998; 32: 720–4.
86.
KhoslaU.M., JohnsonR.J.. Hypertension in the hemodialysis patients and the “lag phenomenon”: insights into pathophysiology and clinical management.Am J Kidney Dis2004; 43: 739–51.
87.
ShaldonS.. An explanation of the “lag phenomenon”. Innovative papers section, Web-site of the International Society for Hemodialysis, www.ishd.net.
88.
RitzE., DikowR., MorathC., SchwengerV.. Salt - A potential “uremic toxin”?Blood Purif2006; 24: 63–6.
89.
RitzE.. Lowering salt intake – an important strategy in the management of renal disease.Nat Clin Pract Nephrol2007; 3: 360–1.
90.
KempnerW.. Treatment of kidney disease and hypertensive disease with rice diet.N C Med J1944; 5: 125–33.
91.
BlumbergA., NelpW.B., HegstromR.M., ScribnerB.H.. Extracellular volume with chronic renal disease treated for hypertension by sodium restriction.Lancet1967; 2: 69–73.
92.
ShaldonS.. Dietary salt restriction and drug-free treatment of hypertension in ESRD patients: a largely abandoned therapy.Nephrol Dial Transplant2002; 17: 1163–5.
93.
CharraB., ChazotC.. The neglect of sodium restriction in dialysis patients: a short review.Hemodial Int2003; 7: 342–7.
94.
EatonS.B., KonnerM.. Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications.N Engl J Med1985; 312: 283–9.
95.
Dietary Reference Intakes: Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Sulfate.Washington, DC, Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, February 11, 2004.
96.
American Heart Association Nutrition Committee LichtensteinA.H., AppelL.J., BrandsM.. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee.Circulation2006; 114: 82–96.
97.
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, NIH Publication No. 04–5230, April 2004.
98.
2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.J Hypertens2003; 21: 1011–53.
99.
SacksF.M., SvetkeyL.P., VollmerW.M., AppelL.J., BrayG.A., HarshaD., ObarzanekE., ConlinP.R., MillerER3rd, Simons-MortonD.G., KaranjaN., LinP.H.; DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effect on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med2001; 344: 3–10.
100.
KempnerW.. Treatment of kidney disease and hypertensive disease with rice diet.N C Med J1944; 5: 125–33.
101.
BlumbergA., NelpW.B., HegstromR.M., ScribnerB.H.. Extracellular volume with chronic renal disease treated for hypertension by sodium restriction.Lancet1967; 2: 69–73.
102.
ShaldonS.. Dietary salt restriction and drug-free treatment of hypertension in ESRD patients: a largely abandoned therapy.Nephrol Dial Transplant2002; 17: 1163–5.
103.
CharraB., ChazotC.. The neglect of sodium restriction in dialysis patients: a short review.Hemodial Int2003; 7: 342–7.
CampeseV.M., TanasescuA.. Hypertension in dialysis patients. In: HenrichW.L. (ed). Principles and Practice of Dialysis, 3rd ed.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p 227–56.
106.
FoleyR.N., HerzogC.A., CollinsA.J.; United States Renal Data System. Blood pressure and long-term mortality in United States hemodialysis patients: USRDS Waves 3 and 4 Study.Kidney Int2002; 62: 1784–90.
107.
MacAllisterR.J., RambausekM.H., VallanceP., WilliamsD., HoffmannK.H., RitzE.. Concentration of dimethyl-L-arginine in the plasma of patients with end-stage renal failure.Nephrol Dial Transplant1996; 11: 2449–52.
108.
FujiwaraN., OsanaiT., KamadaT., KatohT., TakahashiK., OkumuraK.. Study on the relationship between plasma nitrite and nitrate level and salt sensitivity in human hypertension: modulation of nitric oxide synthesis by salt intake.Circulation2000; 101: 856–61.
109.
OzkahyaM., OkE., CiritM., AydinS., AkçiçekF., BaşçiA., Dorhout MeesE.J.. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in haemodialysis patients by ultrafiltration and reduced salt intake without antihypertensive drugs.Nephrol Dial Transplant1998; 13: 1489–93.
110.
BeecroftJ., DuffinJ., PierratosA., ChanC.T., McFarlaneP., HanlyP.J.. Enhanced chemo-responsiveness in patients with sleep apnea and end-stage renal disease.Eur Respir J2006; 28: 151–8.
111.
ChanC.T., HanlyP., GaborJ., PistonP., PierratosA., FlorasJ.S.. Impact of nocturnal hemodialysis on the variability of heart rate, duration of hypoxemia during sleep.Kidney Int2004; 65: 661–5.
112.
TangS.C., LamB., KuP.P., LeungW.S., ChuC.M., HoY.W., IpM.S., LaiK.N.. Alleviation of sleep apnea in patients with chronic renal failure by nocturnal cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis compared with conventional ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 17: 2607–16.
113.
ChiuK.L., RyanC.M., ShiotaS., RuttanaumpawanP., ArztM., HaightJ.S., ChanC.T., FlorasJ.S., BradleyT.D.. Fluid shift by lower body positive pressure increases pharyngeal resistance in healthy subjects.Am J Respir Crit Care Med2006; 174: 1378–83.
114.
IngT.S., MeyersJ., SchatellD., KjellstrandC.M.. Better removal of small solutes by more frequent hemodialysis sessions than by conventional, three-weekly hemodialysis sessions of similar weekly duration.Int J Artif Organs2006; 29: 639–40.
HussainS., SavinV., PieringW., TomasiJ., BlumenthalS.. Phosphorus-enriched hemodialysis during pregnancy: two case reports.Hemodial Int2005; 9: 147–52.
120.
HouS.. Daily dialysis in pregnancy.Hemodial Int2004; 8: 167–71.
121.
HolleyJ.L., ReddyS.S., Pregnancy in dialysis patients: a review of outcomes, complications, and management.Semin Dial2003; 16: 384–8.
122.
HouS.. Historical perspective of pregnancy in chronic kidney disease.Adv Chronic Kidney Dis2007; 14: 116–8.
123.
FischbachM., TerzicJ., MenouerS., DheuC., SoskinS.. Helmstetter A, Burher MC. Intensified and daily hemodialysis in children might improve statural growth.Pediatr Nephrol2006; 21: 1746–52.
124.
KatzA., BockG.H., MauerM.. Improved growth velocity with intensive dialysis.Consequence or coincidence? Pediatr Nephrol2000; 14: 710–2.
GotchF.A.. The current place of urea kinetic modeling with respect to different dialysis modalities.Nephrol Dial Transplant1998; 13(Suppl 6): S10–4.
127.
LeypoldtJ.K., JaberB.L., ZimmermanD.L.. Calculation of standard Kt/V (stdKt/V) with corrections for postdialysis urea rebound (abstract).Hemodial Int2003; 7: 80.
128.
GotchF.A.. Definition of dialysis dose suitable for comparison of daily hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to conventional thrice-weekly dialysis therapy.Hemodial Int2004; 8: 172–82.
129.
LeypoldtJ.K.. Urea standard Kt/Vurea for assessing dialysis treatment adequacy.Hemodial Int2004; 8: 193–7.
130.
LeypoldtJ.K., JaberB.L., ZimmermanD.L.. Predicting treatment dose for novel therapies using urea standard Kt/V.Semin Dial2004; 17: 142–5.
131.
KjellstrandC., BuoncristianiU., TingG., TraegerJ., PiccoliG.B., Sibai-GallandR., YoungB., BlaggC.R.. Survival in 405 patients treated by short daily hemodialysis (DHD) for 948 patient years rivals renal transplant survival (abstract).J Am Soc Nephrol2005; 16: 733A.
132.
MacGregorM.S.. Alternatives to standard hemodialysis.Hemodial Int2007; 11(Suppl 2): S10–20.
133.
BlaggC.R., KjellstrandC.M., TingG.O., YoungB.A.. Comparison of survival between short-daily hemodialysis and conventional hemodialysis using the standardized mortality ratio.Hemodial Int2006; 10: 371–4.
134.
AgarJ.M., WilsonS., Van EpsC., HawleyC., BlaggC.R.: Comparing the relative survival of an Australian nocturnal home HD cohort with a matched USRDS conventional HD cohort using standardized mortality ratios (abstract).J Am Soc Nephrol2007; 18: 512A.
135.
GotchF.A.. Daily hemodialysis is a complex therapy with un-proven benefits.Blood Purif2001; 19: 211–6.
136.
ChertowG.M.. “Wishing don't make it so” - Why we need a randomized clinical trial of high-intensity hemodialysis.J Am Soc Nephrol2001; 12: 2850–3.
137.
SuriR.S., NesrallahG.E., MainraR., GargA.X., LindsayR.M., GreeneT., DaugirdasJ.T.. Daily hemodialysis: A systemic review.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 1: 33–42.
138.
BleyerA.J., HartmanJ., BrannonP.C., Reeves-DanielA., SatkoS.G., RussellG.. Characteristics of sudden death in hemodialysis patients.Kidney Int2006; 69: 2268–73.