Design and in Vitro Performance of a Novel Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract

Design and in vitro performance of a novel bileaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis are presented. The novel heart valve exhibits three main design characteristics: (i) The leaflets form a Venturi passage in open position. Thus, a beneficial pressure distribution is obtained and the leaflets are stabilised in opened position. (ii) The orifice inlet is nozzle-shaped. Flow is convectively accelerated and flow separation at the orifice inlet is avoided. (iii) The hinge design facilitates an additional axial movement of the leaflets and leads to a self cleaning effect and enhances washout of the hinges. The design of the leaflet hinges is of main importance for the functional reliability and durability of mechanical heart valves.

After manufacturing first prototypes from titanium and polymeric materials the hydrodynamic performance was evaluated according to ISO 5840 and FDA guidelines. Hydrodynamic performance is comparable with the results of commonly available bileaflet mechanical heart valve prostheses. Initial durability tests showed suitable material couples for further long term studies.