Peritoneal fibrosis is initiated by exposure of peritoneal tissues to numerous harmful agents encountered during peritoneal dialysis. These agents interact with cells within the peritoneum to induce growth factors and cytokines that are important in the initiation, progression and maintenance of fibrosis. Some of the mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis include transforming growth factor (TGF) ß, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibroblast growth factors (FGF), and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF).
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