Adlercreutz H. , Harkonen M., Kuoppasalmi K., et al: Effect of training on plasma anabolic and catabolic steroid hormones and their response during physical exercise . Int J Sports Med (Suppl) 7: 27-28, 1986
2.
Alén M., Hakkinen K., Komi P.: Changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle fiber characteristics of elite power athletes self-administering androgenic and anabolic steroids . Acta Physiol Scand122: 535-544, 1984
3.
Alen M., Rahkila P., Reinila M., et al: Androgenic-anabolic steroid effects on serum thyroid, pituitary and steroid hormones in athletes. Am J Sports Med15: 357-361, 1987
4.
American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids in sports . Med Sci Sports Exerc19: 534-539, 1987
5.
American Medical Association: Drug Evaluations Annual 1991. Chicago, American Medical Association, 1991, pp 9, 904
6.
Ariel G., Saville W.: Anabolic steroids: The physiological effects of placebos. Med Sci Sports4: 124-126, 1972
7.
Bach BR, Warren RF, Wickiewicz TL: Tnceps rupture: A case report and literature review. Am J Sports Med15: 285-289, 1987
8.
Bahrke MS, Wnght JE, Strauss RH, et al: Psychological moods and subjectively perceived behavioral and somatic changes accompanying anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Am J Sports Med20: 717-724, 1992
9.
Barron JL, Noakes TD, Levy W., et al: Hypothalamic dysfunction in over-trained athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol60: 803-806, 1985
10.
Biosynthetic growth hormone. Med Lett Drugs Ther27: 101-104, 1985 11. Brower M., Azizian C.: Trouble: Steroids built Mike Keys up; then they tore him down. People Magazine, March 20: 107-108, 1989
Brower KJ, Blow FC, Eliopulos GA, et al: Anabolic androgenic steroids and suicide. Letters to the Editor. Am J Psychiatry146: 1075, 1989
13.
Brower KJ, Eliopulos GA, Blow FC, et al: Evidence for physical and psychological dependence on anabolic androgenic steroids in eight weight lifters. Am J Psychiatry147: 510-512, 1990
14.
Buckley WE, Yesalis CE, Friedl KE, et al: Estimated prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. JAMA260: 3441-3445, 1988
15.
Calabrese LH , Kleiner SM, Barna BP, et al: The effects of anabolic steroids and strength training on the human immune response. Med Sci Sports Exerc21: 386-392, 1989
16.
Clenbuterol: A new anabolic drug. DiPasquale MG (ed): Drugs in Sports. Vol 1. ([Newsletter] Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Decker Periodicals) Feb 1992, pp 8-10
17.
Cohen J., Hickman R.: Insulin resistance and diminished glucose tolerance in powerlifters ingesting anabolic steroids. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol64: 960-963,1987
18.
Conacher GN , Workman DG: Violent crime possibly associated with anabolic steroid use. Letters to the Editor. Am J Psychiatry146: 679, 1989
19.
Cowart VS: Human growth hormone: The latest ergogenic aid? Physician Sportsmed3: 175-185, 1988
Forbes G.: The effect of anabolic steroids on lean body mass: The dose response curve . Metabolism34: 571-573, 1985
22.
Frankle MA, Cicero GJ, Payne J.: Use of androgenic anabolic steroids by athletes. JAMA252: 482, 1984
23.
Frankle MA, Eichberg R., Zachariah SB: Anabolic androgenic steroids and a stroke in an athlete: Case report . Arch Phys Med Rehabil69: 632-633, 1988
24.
Freinhar JP , Alvarez W.: Androgen-induced hypomania. Letters to the Editor. J Clin Psychiatry46: 354-355, 1985
25.
Goodman LS, Gilman A.: The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics. Fifth edition. New York, Macmillan, 1975, pp 1376-1382
26.
Gnbbin H., Flavell Matts S.: Mode of action and use of anabolic steroids. Br J Clin Pract30: 3-9, 1976
27.
Haupt HA: Drugs in athletics. Clin Sports Med8: 561-582, 1989
28.
Haupt HA: Sports Induced Inflammation. Leadbetter WA , Buckwalter SJ, Gordon ST (eds): Park Ridge, IL, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1990, pp 449-454
29.
Haupt HA: Substance abuse by the athletic female, in Pearl AJ (ed): The Athletic Female. Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics, 1993 , pp 125-140
30.
Haupt HA, Rovere GD: Anabolic steroids: A review of the literature. Am J Sports Med12: 469-484, 1984
31.
Hays LR, Littleton S., Stillner V.: Anabolic steroid dependence. Letters to the Editor. Am J Psychiatry147: 122, 1990
32.
Herrick R., Herrick S.: Ruptured triceps in a powerlifter presenting as cubital tunnel syndrome . Am J Sports Med15: 514-516, 1987
33.
Holma PK: Effects of an anabolic steroid (metandienone) on spermatogenesis. Contraception15: 151-162, 1977
34.
Houssay AB: Effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on the skin, including hair and sebaceous glands, in Kochakian CD (ed): Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976, pp 155-190
35.
Hurley BF, Seals DR, Hagberg JM, et al: High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in bodybuilders v powerlifters: Negative effects of androgen use. JAMA252: 507-513, 1984
36.
Kashkin KB, Kleber HD: Hooked on hormones? An anabolic steroid addiction hypothesis. JAMA262: 3166-3169, 1989
37.
Kearns WM: Methyl testosterone administered orally to patients with marked testicular deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol1: 126-130, 1941
38.
Kochakian CD (ed): Anabolic-androgenic Steroids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1976, 43: 37-39, 49-52, 58-63,366-367,388-401
39.
Kopera H.: The history of anabolic steroids and a review of clinical experience with anabolic steroids. Acta Endocrinol (Suppl) 271: 11-18, 1985
40.
Kraemer WJ: Endocnne responses to resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exer (Suppl) 20: S152-S157, 1988
41.
Kramhoft M. , Solgaard S.: Spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon after anabolic steroids. J Hand Surg11B: 87, 1986
42.
Kruskemper HL : Anabolic Steroids. New York , Academic Press, 1968
43.
Lamb DR: Anabolic steroids in athletics: How well do they work and how dangerous are they? Am J Sports Med12: 31-38, 1984
44.
Lemon Pwr, Chaney MM: Physiologic effects of amino-acid supplementation, in Garrett WE Jr, Malone TR (eds): Muscle Development: Nutritional Alternatives to Anabolic Steroids, Report of the Ross Symposium. Columbus, OH, Ross Laboratories, 1988, p 62-67
Martikainen H., Alen M., Rahkila P., et al: Testicular responsiveness to human chononic gonadotrophin during transient hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism induced by androgenic/anabolic steroids in power athletes. J Steroid Biochem25: 109-112, 1986
47.
Martinez JA , Buttery PJ, Pearson JT: The mode of action of anabolic agents: The effect of testosterone on muscle protein metabolism in the female rat. Br J Nutr52: 515-521, 1984
48.
Masuda A., Shibasaki T., Hotta M., et al: Insulin-induced hypoglycemia, L-dopa and arginine stimulate GH secretion through different mechanisms in man. Regul Pept31: 53-64, 1990
49.
Michelsen CB , Askanazi J., Kinney JM, et al: Effect of an anabolic steroid on nitrogen balance and amino acid patterns after total hip replacement. J Trauma22: 410-413, 1982
50.
Michna H.: Organisation of collagen fibrils in tendon: Changes induced by anabolic steroid. II. A morphometric and stereologic analysis. Virchows Arch B 52: 87-98, 1986
51.
Michna H., Stang-Voss C.: The predisposition to tendon rupture after doping with anabolic steroids . Int J Sports Med4: 59, 1983
52.
Miles JW, Grana WA, Egle, D., et al: The effect of anabolic steroids on the biomechanical and histological properties of rat tendon. J Bone Joint Surg74A: 411-422, 1992
53.
Mochizuki RM , Richter KJ: Cardiomyopathy and cerebrovascular accident associated with anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Physician Sportsmed16: 108-114,1988
54.
Morris DD, Garcia M.: Effects of phenylbutazone and anabolic steroids on adrenal and thyroid gland function tests in healthy horses. Am J Vet Res46: 359-364, 1985
55.
A New Biosynthetic Growth Hormone. Med Lett Drugs Ther29: 73-74, 1987
56.
Overly WL, Dankoff JA, Wang BK, et al: Androgens and hepatocellular carcinoma in an athlete (editorial) . Ann Intern Med100: 158, 1984
57.
Pope HG: In commentary: Elofson G, Elofson S: Steroids claimed our son's life . Physician Sportsmed18(8): 15-16, 1990
58.
Pope HG Jr, Katz DL: Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use. Am J Psychiatr145: 487-490, 1988
59.
Problems with growth hormone. Med Lett Drugs Ther27: 57-60, 1985
Rodriquez DO , Valeron MC, Carrillo DA, et al: Evaluation of GH stimulation tests using clonide, glucagon, propranolol, hypoglycemia, arginine and L-dopa in 267 children of short stature. Rev Clin Esp173: 113-116, 1984
62.
Ross Laboratones: Champions at Any Cost. Video tape. Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH, 1988
63.
Schedules of Controlled Substances; Anabolic Steroids. Federal Register February 13, 1991; 56: Rules and Regulations.
64.
Senate Bill S.3266-65 Sec. 1904. Amendment to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Sec. 303 (21 USC §333)
65.
Sklarek HM, Mantovani RP, Erens E., et al: AIDS in a bodybuilder using anabolic steroids. Ann Intern Med100: 92-106, 198425: 109-112, 1986
66.
Smith S.: Aaron Henry's dangerous journey. Reader's Digest116-120, Dec. 1989
Strauss RH, Liggett MT, Lanese RR: Anabolic steroids use and perceived effects in ten weight trained women athletes . JAMA253: 2871-2873, 1985
69.
Use and side effects of growth hormone. DiPasquale MG (ed): Drugs in Sports. Vol 1. ([Newsletter] Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Decker Periodicals) Feb 1992, p 5
70.
Wilson JD, Griffin JE: The use and misuse of androgens. Metabolism29: 1278-1295,1980
71.
Wood TO, Cooke PH, Goodship AE: The effect of exercise and anabolic steroids on the mechanical properties and crimp morphology of the rat tendon. Am J Sports Med16: 153-158, 1988
72.
Wright JE: Anabolic steroids and athletics. Exerc Sport Sci Rev8: 149-202, 1980
73.
Yesalis CE, Streit AL, Vicary JR, et al: Anabolic steroid use: Indications of habituation among adolescents . J Drug Educ March: 103-116, 1989
74.
Zekauskas S. , Boggs MB, Wilson DP: Human GH and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Okla State Med Assoc83: 446-448, 1990
75.
Zwicki CM, Cooke KS, Tamura RN, et al: Comparison of the immunogenicity of recombinant and pituitary human GH in rhesus monkeys. Fundam Appl Toxicol16: 275-287, 1991
