No Association Between Donor Variables and Clinically Significant Outcomes,Reoperations,and Failure After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation

Abstract

Background:

Mismatch between osteochondral allograft (OCA) donor and recipient sex has been shown to negatively affect outcomes. This study accounts for additional donor variables and clinically relevant outcomes.

Purpose:

To evaluate whether donor sex, age, donor-recipient sex mismatch, and duration of graft storage affect clinical outcomes and failure rates after knee OCA transplantation.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients undergoing knee OCA transplantation between 2003 and 2018 were prospectively followed. Inclusion criteria consisted of primary OCA transplantation and minimum 2-year follow-up. Patient descriptive data and allograft donor sex, age, and graft storage time before implantation were collected. Patients were evaluated for reoperation, failure, and achievement of clinically significant outcomes for International Knee Documentation Committee scores. Reoperation was defined as subsequent surgical intervention of the transplanted allograft, including second-look arthroscopy for graft evaluation, debridement, and loose body removal. Failure was defined as revision of the primary OCA transplantation or conversion to arthroplasty. A Kaplan-Meier curve determined cumulative survivability of OCA transplantations, and log-rank testing was used to compare survivorship between groups. Stepwise regression analysis was utilized to evaluate associations between donor variables and achievement of clinically significant outcomes, reoperation, and failure.

Results:

A total of 372 patients undergoing OCA transplantation were included and followed for a mean 5.4 years (SD, 2.7; range, 2.0-16.3). Isolated OCA transplantation was performed in 45% of cases (169/372). A mismatch in donor and recipient sex was present for more female patients (90%) than male patients (10%; P < .001). Those who had a sex-mismatched graft more frequently underwent concomitant tibial tubercle osteotomy (P = .034). When controlling for patient sex, no other differences were seen between groups matched and mismatched by sex. Univariable and multivariable analysis found no significant difference in survival free from reoperation or failure on the basis of donor-recipient sex mismatch, donor age, or graft storage time before implantation.

Conclusion:

In contrast to previous historical data, no donor variables were associated with inferior clinical outcomes in patients who underwent OCA transplantation. These data can help inform graft selection, expedient recipient selection, and outcome optimization after OCA transplantation.