Conflicted

Beachy SH Berger AC Olson S . Conflict of Interest and Medical Innovation: Ensuring Integrity While Facilitating Innovation in Medical Research. Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2014.

Bekelman JE Li Y Gross CP . Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003;289:454-465.

Bero L . Addressing bias and conflict of interest among biomedical researchers. JAMA. 2017;317:1723-1724.

Buffel du Vaure C Boutron I Perrodeau E Ravaud P . Reporting funding source or conflict of interest in abstracts of randomized controlled trials, no evidence of a large impact on general practitioners’ confidence in conclusions, a three-arm randomized controlled trial. BMC Med. 2014;12:69.

Committee on Publication Ethics. Guidelines on good publication practice. 1999:43-47. Available at: https://publicationethics.org/files/u7141/1999pdf13.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2017.

DiPaola CP Dea N Noonan VK Bailey CS Dvorak MF Fisher CG . Surgeon-industry conflict of interest: survey of North Americans’ opinions regarding surgeons consulting with industry. Spine J. 2014;14:584-591.

Foughty Z Antalis MS Ringenberg J Hall AD . Funding sources and financial disclosures, and their relationship to study outcomes and level of evidence in the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26:e193-e197.

International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals. 2016. Available at: http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf. Accessed May 30, 2017.

Janssen SJ Bredenoord AL Dhert W de Kleuver M Oner FC Verlaan JJ . Potential conflicts of interest of editorial board members from five leading spine journals. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0127362.

Jegede KA Ju B Miller CP Whang P Grauer JN . Quantifying the variability of financial disclosure information reported by authors presenting research at multiple sports medicine conferences. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2011;40:583-587.

Kesselheim AS Robertson CT Myers JA . A randomized study of how physicians interpret research funding disclosures. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1119-1127.

Leopold SS Warme WJ Fritz Braunlich E Shott S . Association between funding source and study outcome in orthopaedic research. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;415:293-301.

Lippert S Callaham ML Lo B . Perceptions of conflict of interest disclosures among peer reviewers. PLoS One. 2011;6:e26900.

McCoy MS Carniol M Chockley K Urwin JW Emanuel EJ Schmidt H . Conflicts of interest for patient-advocacy organizations. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:880-885.

McCoy MS Emanuel EJ . Why there are no “potential” conflicts of interest. JAMA. 2017;317:1721-1722.

Moses H 3rd Matheson DH Cairns-Smith S George BP Palisch C Dorsey ER . The anatomy of medical research: US and international comparisons. JAMA. 2015;313:174-189.

Office of Research Integrity. A brief overview on conflict of interest. 2017. Available at: https://ori.hhs.gov/plagiarism-35. Accessed May 30, 2017.

Okike K Kocher MS Mehlman CT Bhandari M . Conflict of interest in orthopaedic research: an association between findings and funding in scientific presentations. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:608-613.

Okike K Kocher MS Wei EX Mehlman CT Bhandari M . Accuracy of conflict-of-interest disclosures reported by physicians. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1466-1474.

Pelliccia F Coats AJ Pani L Gaudio C Rosano G . Transparency in medical research: time for a paradigm shift. Int J Cardiol. 2015;186:259-260.

Reider B . A common standard. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:1837-1839.

Reider B . Do we care? Should we? Am J Sports Med. 2016;44:835-837.

Schroter S Morris J Chaudhry S Smith R Barratt H . Does the type of competing interest statement affect readers’ perceptions of the credibility of research? Randomised trial. BMJ. 2004;328:742-743.

Silverman GK Loewenstein GF Anderson BL Ubel PA Zinberg S Schulkin J . Failure to discount for conflict of interest when evaluating medical literature: a randomised trial of physicians. J Med Ethics. 2010;36:265-270.

Tanzer D Smith K Tanzer M . American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons disclosure policy fails to accurately inform its members of potential conflicts of interest. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2015;44:E207-E210.

Thompson DF . Understanding financial conflicts of interest. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:573-576.

Tierney WM Meslin EM Kroenke K . Industry support of medical research: important opportunity or treacherous pitfall? J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31:228-233.

Yi PH Cross MB Johnson SR Rasinski KA Nunley RM Della Valle CJ . Are financial conflicts of interest for the surgeon a source of concern for the patient? J Arthroplasty. 2015;30:21-33.

Zuckerman JD Prasarn M Kubiak EN Koval KJ . Conflict of interest in orthopaedic research. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86:423-428.