Sharp controversy still exists over whether the Russian proletariat
on the eve of the 1917 revolution comprised an urbanized, class-conscious
community or a mass of semi-urbanized peasants rebelling against an alien
industrial regime. We use published and archival data (church marriage records,
county council statistics, and St. Petersburg worker blacklists) to argue against
the "peasant" school. Specifically, we demonstrate the existence of an urban,
working class community by analyzing the association among (1) frequency of
urban marriage with spouses coming from different geographical origins, (2)
industrial militance, and (3) rural socioeconomic conditions that turned peasants
into proletarians.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anderson, Michael.1971. Family Structure in Nineteenth Century Lancashire. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
Bernshtein-Kogan, S.1910. "Ekonomicheskii obzor, pod redaktsiei P. B. Struve (Nekotorye ekonomicheskie osobennosti i preobrazovanie agrarnogo stroia Rossii po zakonu 9-go noiabria)." Moskovskii Ezhenedel'nik. 20.
4.
Brym, Robert J.1984. "Cultural Versus Structural Explanations of Ethnic Intermarriage in the USSR: A Statistical Re-analysis." Soviet Studies36: 594-601.
5.
Brym, Robert J. and Evel Economakis .1994. "Peasant or Proletarian? Blacklisted Pskov Workers in St. Petersburg, 1913." Slavic Review53: 120-139.
6.
Bul'kin, F.1914. "Raskol fraktsii i zadachi rabochikh." Nasha zaria6: 41-51.
7.
Central State Archive of the City of St. Petersburg. 1896-1913. Bol'shoi sampsonievskii sobor, fond 19, op. 127, dela 1722 (1905); 1806 (1906); 2441 (1910); 2725 (1912); 2544 (1911); 2830 (1913); 566 (1896); 1010 (1900); 1306 (1902); 1460 (1903); 1556 (1904); 2279 (1909); 2107 (1908); Spasobochareskaia cherkov, fond 19, op. 127, dela 1589 (1904), 1717 (1905); 1591 (1906); 2380 (1910); 2535 (1911); 2827 (1913); 568 (1896); 1439 (1903); 2290 (1909); 2101 (1908); Sretenskaia cherkov, fond 19, op. 127, dela 2298 (1909); 2723 (1912); 567 (1896); 1009 (1900); 1307 (1902); 1460 (1903); 2095 (1908).
8.
_. 1907-1914. Nobel: Fond 1258, opis' 4, dela 21, 22, 23, 24, 25; Struk: Fond 1316, opis' 1, dela 498, 501; "Treugol'nik": Fond 1179, opis' 1, dela 73, 74, 75, 76; Nevskii spinnery: Fond 1436, opis' 1, dela 422, 3888, 3898, 3900, 3907; St. Petersburg Metal: Fond 1357, opis' 2, dela 13, 15, 19, 26, 27, 40, 41, 47; Rozenkrants: fond 1269, opis' 1, dela 788, 789, 811; Mekhanicheskii: Fond 150, opis' 1, delo 529; and Trubochnyi: Fond 1173, opis' 4, delo 233.
9.
Central State Historical Archive of Moscow, Fond Departament Politsii. 1912. g., d. 61, ch. 2, t. 1.
10.
Chislennost'i sostav rabochikh v Rossii po dannym pervoi vseobshchei perepisi naseleniia Rossiiskoi imperii 1897 g. Vol. 1. 1906. St. Petersburg.
Kratkii svod statistich-eskikh dannykh po g. S.-Peterburgu za 1911 god. 1911 . St. Petersburg.
29.
Kratkii svod statisticheskikh dannykh po g. S.-Peterburgu za 1912 god. 1912. St. Petersburg. Kruze, E. E. 1961. Peterburgskie rabochye v 1912-1914 godakh. Moscow.
30.
Kruze, E.E. and D.G. Kutsentov.1956. "Naselenie Peterburga." In Ocherki Istorii Leningrada. Tom tretii. Period imperializma i burzhuazno-demokraticheskikh revoliutsii, 1895-1917 gg. Moscow- Leningrad.
31.
Kuprianova, L.1914. "Rabochii Peterburg." S.Peterburg i ego zhizn'. St. Petersburg.
32.
Laverychev, V. Ia., ed. 1982. Rabochii klass Rossii. 1907-fevral' 1917. Moscow.
M, P.1899. "Ocherki tekushchei literatury." Nauchnoe obozrenie. 7: July.
36.
M. and O. 1902. "Tsifry i fakty iz perepisi S.-Peterburga v 1900 godu." Russkaia mysl' 1.
37.
Materialy dlia otsenki zemel' Vlad. gub. t. VIII, v. 3. 1902. Vladimir on Kliaz'ma.
38.
McKean, Robert B.1990. St. Petersburg Between the Revolutions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
39.
Moch, Leslie Page.1983. "Infirmities of the Body and Vices of the Soul: Migrants, Family and Urban Life in Turn-of-the-Century France." Pp. 35-64 in Essays on the Family and Historical Change, edited by Leslie Page Moch.Arlington, TX: Texas A & M University.
40.
Obzor Iaroslavskoi gubernii. Vyp. II. Otkhozhie promysly krest'ian. Razdel I. Raiony otkhoda. 1896. Iaroslavl'.
41.
Orlov, N.M.1913. S.-Peterburgskii sakharo-rafinadnyi zavod L.E. Kenig-Nasledniki . St. Petersburg.
42.
Otkhozhie promysly krest'ian Iaroslavskoi gubernii. I. 1896. Iaroslavl'.
43.
Parmenov, K.1912. "Mody v molgskoi derevne (po mestnym chastushkam)." Golos223: 24 September.
44.
Pervaia Perepis Predmetov Gorodskogo Oblozheniia. 1907. St. Petersburg.
45.
Petrograd po perepisi 15 dekabria 1910 goda. Naselenie. Part 1. 1914. Petrograd.
46.
Petrograd. Statisticheskiia dannyia, otnosiashchiiasia k gorodu Petrogradu i Petrogradskomu gorodskomu khoziaistvu. 1916. Petrograd.
47.
P M.1899. "Ocherki tekushchei literatury." In Nauchnoe obozrenie 7: July.
48.
Pogozhev, A.V.1906. Uchet chislennosti i sostava rabochikh v Rossii. St. Petersburg.
49.
Pokrovskaia, M.I.1898. "Moia dumskaia praktika (Ocherk iz byta rabo-chago naseleniia Peterburga)." Mir Bozhii3: March.
50.
Predvaritel'nyi svod statisticheskikh dannykh po g. S.-Peterburgu za 1908 god. 1908. St. Petersburg.
51.
Prokopovich, S.N.1909. Biudzety peterburgskikh rabochikh. St. Petersburg.
52.
Prokopovich, S.N.1911. "Krest'ianstvo i poreformennaia fabrika." Velikaia Reforma: Russkoe obshchestvo i krest'ianskii vopros v proshlom i nastoiashchem. Vol. VI. Moscow .
53.
Promysly krestianskogo naseleniia Pskovskoi gubernii i polozhenie ikh v 1895-1997 gg. 1898. Pskov.
54.
Pskovskaia guberniia. (Svod dannykh otsen.-statist. izsledovaniia). Tom IX. Pogubernskii svod. Vyp. II. Chast' ekonomicheskaia. 1913. Pskov.
55.
Rakitin, G. (pseudonym of V.O. Tsederbaum). 1913. "Rabochaia massa i rabochaia intelligentsiia." Nasha zaria9.
56.
Ryndziunskii, P.G.1983. Krest'iane i gorod v kapitalisticheskoi Rossii vtoroi poloviny XIX veka. Moscow.
57.
S.-Peterburg. Istoriko-statisticheskii ocherk s planom i ukazat-elem. 1909. St. Petersburg.
State Archive of Novgorod Region.1913. Fond 1, opis' 1, delo 2, Kniga na zapisku prikhoda i raskhoda pasportnykh blankov i knizhek po Astrilovskomu volostnomu pravleniiu, Starorusskago uezda. Otdel' II po rakhodu. 1913 g.
62.
. 1915. Fond 7, opis' 1, delo 5, Alfavit k nastol'nomu pasportnomu reestru po Vysotskoi volosti, Starorusskago uezda, za 1915 g.
"Svodnyi otchet podatnykh inspektorov po Pskovskoi gubernii za 1910 g." Central State Historical Archive of the USSR, Fond 573 (Department Okladnykh Sborov), opis' 25, delo 949.
65.
Tan'. Na traktu (Povest'iz zhizni Peterburgskikh rabochikh). 1907. Moscow.
66.
Timofeev, P.1906. Chem zhivet zavodskii rabochii. St. Petersburg.
