This article explores ways in which recent work on the European peasant household by economic historians, demographers, anthropologists, sociologists and women's historians fits together. The main underlying thread is the interworking of economic factors with various aspects of family structure and household strategies. It examines the effects of institutional and economic factors on family structure. It then examines the effects of family structure on inheritance strategies, demographic strategies, and economic strategies within the household. It traces the growth of protoindustrialization theory and evaluates its utility in a revised form. It explores the effects of the protoindustrial household on the broader economy and on family power and affective relationships such as patriarchy, gender roles, attitudes toward children, and sibling relationships.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AbramsPhillip. 1982. Historical Sociology.Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2.
BraunRudolf. 1960. Industrialisierung und Volksleben: die Veränderungen der Lebensformen in einem ländlichen Industriegebeit vor 1800 (Züricher Oberland). Zurich: Rentsch.
3.
BraunRudolf. 1990. Industrialisation and Everyday Life.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4.
ColeJohn W.WolfEric R.. 1974. The Hidden Frontier; Ecology and Ethnicity in an Alpine Valley. New York and London: Academic Press.
5.
ColemanD.C.1983. Proto-Industrialization: A Concept too Many.Economic History Review36:435–448.
6.
ConzeWerner, ed. 1976. Die Familie im Übergang von der entfalteten Agrargesellschaft zum Industriesystem. Stuttgart: Klett.
7.
DeyonPierreMendelsFranklin, eds. 1982. La Protoindustrialisation: Theorie et Réalité, Rapports. Lille: Université des Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humanies.
8.
EhmerJosefMitterauerMichael, eds. 1986. Familienstruktur und Arbeitsorganisation in ländlichen Gesellschaften. Vienna: Böhlau.
9.
Fauve-ChamouxAntoinette. 1986. Le femme seule, un réalité urbaine: L'example de Reims au début du XIXe siècle. Pp. 295–305 in Memoires de la societe d'agriculture, commerce, sciences et arts du department de la Marne. CI.
10.
Fauve-ChamouxAntoinette. 1990. Destins de femmes et manufacture textile à Reims avant la révolution industrielle. In La Donna Nell'Economia Secc. XIII-XVIII. Prato: Instituto Internazionale de Storia Economica.
11.
FélEditHoferTamás, eds. 1969. Proper Peasants; Traditional Life in a Hungarian Village. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
12.
GauntDavid. 1977. Pre-Industrial Economy and Population Structure; The Elements of Variance in Early Modern Sweden.Scandinavian Journal of History2:183–210.
13.
GauntDavid. 1978. Household Typology: Problems, Methods, Results, pp. 69–83 in Social and Economic Studies in Historical Demography in the Baltic Area, edited by ÅkermanSune. Odense UP, 1978.
14.
GullicksonGay L.1981. The Sexual Division of Labor in Cottage Industry and Agriculture in the Pays de Caux: Auffay, 1750–1850.French Historical Studies12: 177–199.
15.
GullicksonGay L.1983. Agriculture and Cottage Industry: Redefining the Causes of Proto-Industrialization.Journal of Economic History43:831–850.
16.
GullicksonGay L.1986. Spinners and Weavers of Auffay: Rural Industry and the Sexual Division of Labor in a French Village, 1750–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17.
GutmannMyron P.LeboutteRené. 1984. Rethinking Proto-industrialization and the Family.Journal of Interdisciplinary History14:587–608.
18.
GutmannMyron P.1988. Toward the Modern Economy: Early Industry in Europe, 1500–1800. New York: Knopf.
19.
HajnalJohn. 1965. European Marriage Patterns in Perspective. Pp. 101–143 in Population in History, edited by GlassD.V.EversleyD.E.C.. London: Edward Arnold.
20.
HamiltonRoberta. 1978. The Liberation of Women: A Study of Patriarchy and Capitalism. London and Boston: G. Allen & Unwin.
21.
HanawaltBarbara A., ed. 1986. Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
22.
HarevenTamara K., ed. 1978. Transitions: The Family and the Life Course in Historical Perspective. New York: Academic Press.
23.
HoustonRabSnellK.D.M.. 1984. Proto-Industrialization? Cottage Industry, Social Change, and Industrial Revolution.The Historical Journal27:473–492.
24.
InnerhoferFranz. 1974. Schöne Tage. Salzburg and Vienna: Residenz Verlag.
25.
JonesE.L.1968. Agricultural Origins of Industry.Past and Present11:58–71.
26.
KertzerDavid I.HoganDennis P.. 1989. Family, Political Economy, and Demographic Change; The Transformation of Life in Casalecchio, Italy, 1861–1921. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
27.
KowalskiKarol. 1928. Prawne zwyczaje w zakresie wyposaźenia dzieci i dziedziczenia oraz sprawa podzielności malych gospodarstw wiejskieh w bytym zaborze austrijackim. Pp. 1–93 in Zwycazaje spadkowe wlościan w Polsce, edited by KowalskiK.. Pt. 1. Warsaw: Ksiegarnia rolnicza.
28.
KulaWitold. 1976. An Economic Theory of the Feudal System. London: NLB.
29.
KriedtePeterMedickHansSchlumbohmJürgen. 1977. Industrialisierung vor der Industrialisierung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.
30.
KulczykowskiMariusz. 1969. Industrie paysanne et formation du marché national en Pologne au VXIIIe.Annales, E.S.C.24:61–69.
31.
KulczykowskiMariusz. 1976. Chlopskie tkactwo bawelniane w osrodku andrychowskim w XIX wieku. Wroclaw: Ossolineum.
32.
LaslettPeter. 1965. The World We Have Lost. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
33.
LaslettPeterWallRichard, eds. 1972. Household and Family in Past Time.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
34.
Le PlayFrederic. 1877. Les ouvriers europeens. (second edition), vol. 1. Tours: A, Mame et fils.
35.
LernerGerda. 1986. The Creation of Patriarchy. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36.
LevineDavid. 1977. Family Formation in an Age of Nascent Capitalism. New York: Academic Press.
37.
LevineDavid. 1983. Proto-Industrialization and Demographic Upheaval. Pp. 9–34 in Essays on the Family and Historical Change, edited by Page MochLeslieStarkGary D.. Arlington: Texas A&M University Press.
38.
MacfarlaneAlan. 1986. Marriage and Love in England: Modes of Reproduction, 1300–1840. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd.
39.
MedickHans. 1976. The Proto-industrial Family Economy: The Structural Function of the Household and Family During the Transition to Industrial Capitalism.Social History1:291–315.
40.
MedickHansWarren SebeanDavid, eds. 1984. Interest and Emotion: Essays on the Study of Family and Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
41.
MendelsFranklin. 1972. Proto-industrialization: The First Phase of the Industrialization Process.Journal of Economic History32:241–261.
42.
MendelsFranklin. 1978. La composition du ménage paysan en France au XIXe siecle: une analyse économique du mode de production domestique.Annales. E.S.C.33:780–802.
43.
MendelsFranklin. 1980. Seasons and Regions in Agriculture and Industry During the Process of Industrialization. Pp. 177–195 in Region und Industrialisierung, edited by PollardSidney. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
44.
MendelsFranklin. 1981. Industrialization and Population Pressure in Eighteenth-Century Flanders. New York: Arno Press.
45.
MendelsFranklin. 1982. Protoindustrialization: Theory and Reality. General Report. Pp. 69–107 in Eighth International Economic History Congress, Budapest 1982, A Themes. Budapest: Akadémiai Kaido.
46.
MiddletonChris. 1985. Women's Labour and the Transition to Pre-industrial Capitalism. Pp. 181–206 in Women's Work in Pre-industrial England, edited by LindseyCharlesDuffinLorna. London and Dover, NH.
47.
MitgutschWaltraud. 1987. Three Daughters. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace, Janovich.
48.
MitterauerMichael1986. Formen ländlicher Familienwirtschaft; Historische Öktypen und familiale Arbeitsorganisation im österreichischen Raum. Pp. 185–323 in Familienstruktur und Arbeitsorganisation im ländlichen Gesellschaften, edited by MitterauerMichael. Vienna: Böhlau.
49.
MitterauerMichael1992. Peasant and Non-Peasant Family Forms in Relation to the Physical Environment and the Local Economy.Journal of Family History17(2):139–159.
50.
MitterauerMichaelSeiderReinhard. 1982. The European Family. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
51.
OrtmayrNorbert. 1986. Ländliches Gesinde in Oberösterreich 1918–1938. Pp. 325–416 in Familienstruktur und Arbeitsorganisation in ländlichen Geselleschaften, edited by EhmerJosefMitterauerMichael. Vienna: Böhlau.
52.
PaasMartha White. 1992. Economic Constraints in Early Modern Swabia: The Consequences for Family Labor Strategies.Journal of Family History17(2).
53.
PallotJudith. 1991. Women's Domestic Industries in Moscow Province, 1880–1900. Pp. 163–184 in Russia's Women; Accomodation, Resistance, Transformation, edited by Evans ClementsBarbaraAlpern EngelBarbaraWorobecChristine D.Berkeley: University of California Press.
54.
PfisterUlrich. 1989. Work Roles and Family Structure in Proto-industrial Zurich.Journal of Interdisciplinary History10:83–105.
55.
PfisterUlrich. 1992. The Proto-industrial Household Economy: Toward a Formal Analysis.Journal of Family History17(2).
56.
QuataertJean H.1985. The Shaping of Women's Work in Manufacturing Guilds: Households and the State in Central Europe 1648–1870.American Historical Review90:1127–1148.
57.
RanselDavid L.1991a. Infant-Care Cultures in the Russian Empire. Pp. 113–134 in Russia's Women; Accomodation, Resistance, Transformation, edited by Evans ClementsBarbaraAlpern EngelBarbaraWorobecChristine D.. Berkeley: University of California Press.
58.
RanselDavid L.1991b. “Cultural Practices and Infant Mortality among Russians, Jews, and Tatars in Late Tsarist Russia.” Unpublished manuscript.
59.
RiehlWilhelm H.1862–1869. Die Naturgeschichte des Volkes als Grundlage einer deutschen Social-Politik. 4 vols. Stuttgart and Tübingen: J. G. Cotta.
60.
RosenbaumHeidi. 1982. Formen der Familie: Untersuchungen zum Zusammenhang von Familienverhältnissen, Sozialstruktur und sozialem Wandel in der deutschen Gesellschaft des 19. Jahrhunderts. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag.
61.
RudolphRichard L.1980a. Family Structure and Proto-industrializaton in Russia.The Journal of Economic History40:111–118.
62.
RudolphRichard L.1980b. Social Structure and the Beginning of Austrian Economic Growth.East Central Europe/L'Europe du Centre-Est7:207–224.
63.
RudolphRichard L.1981. Light on the Dark Ages in Czech Economic History: The Work of Arnošt Klima.East Central Europe/L'Europe du Centre-Est9:39–48.
64.
RudolphRichard L.1983. Economic Revolution in Austria? The Meaning of 1848 in Austrian Economic History. Pp. 165–182 in Essays on the Habsburg Economy, edited by KomlosJohn. New York: Columbia University Press.
65.
RudolphRichard L.1985. Agricultural Structure and Proto-industrialization in Russia: Economic Development with Unfree Labor.The Journal of Economic History45:47–69.
66.
RudolphRichard L.1991. The East European Peasant Household and the Beginnings of Industry: East Galicia, 1786–1914. Pp. 338–382 in Ukrainian Economic History: Interpretive Essays, edited by KoropeckyjI.S.. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
67.
SabeanDavid Warren. 1990. Property, Production, and Family in Neckarhausen, 1700–1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
68.
SchlumbohmJürgen, 1992. From Peasant Society to Class Society: Aspects of Family and Class in a Northwest German industrial Parish, 17th-19th Centuries.Journal of Family History17(2).
69.
SegalenMartine. 1986. Historical Anthropology of the Family. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70.
ShaninTheodore. 1972. The Awkward Class; Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society: Russia 1910–1925. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
71.
ThirskJoan. 1961. Industry in the Countryside. Pp. 70–88 in Essays in the Economic and Social History of Tudor and Stuart England, edited by FisherF.J.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
72.
TillyLouiseScottJoan W.. 1978. Women, Work, and Family. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
73.
Tugan-BaranovskiiM.I.1922. Russkaia fabrika v proshlom i nastoiashchem. Moscow: Kooperativnoe izdatelstvo razvitie russkoi.
74.
WalbySylvia. 1990. Theorizing Patriarchy. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell.
75.
WallRichardRobinJeanLaslettPeter, eds. 1983. Family Forms in Historic Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
76.
WilliamsonJeffrey G.1984. Why Was British Growth So Slow During the Industrial Revolution?Journal of Economic History44:687–712.
77.
WorobecChristine D.1991. Peasant Russia: Family and Community in the Post-Emancipation Period. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
78.
WrigleyE.A.SchofieldR.S.. 1981. The Population History of England, 1541–1871. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
