Abstract
The essay examines the female population of Vila Rica do Ouro Preto, Brazil, during the period from 1754–1838 within the context of the family, both formally and informally defined. During this period, relatively few women married, and those who did bore children at a younger age than single mothers and had more children. A significant number of free children were born outside of wedlock. Economics affected the family directly: poor mothers had fewer children than rich ones and the average number of children reflected broad economic patterns. The economic situation also impacted on the practice of abandoning children, which became an important social problem.
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