This study investigates the impact of resources on family patterns. Resources vary within and between regions; individual access to resources may also vary. Data from the Swedish Demographic Database, Umeå, Sweden, allowed comparisons of reproductive life in four Swedish parishes during the 1800s. Data were analyzed at both aggregate and lineage levels. Occupational status and land ownership are shown to have affected men's reproductive lives, though particulars varied among parishes. Legitimacy and parity (birth order) affected access to resources. Two new measures are introduced to supplement standard demographic measures: actual lifetime fertilities (NBC: number of biological children born to the individual), and the number of children alive at age ten (RS10).
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BroströmG.BrändströmA.PerssonL-Å.. 1983. The Impact of Breastfeeding Patterns on Infant Mortality in a 19th Century Swedish Parish. Newsletter #1, Swedish Demographic Database, Umeå, Sweden.
2.
BrändströmAnders. 1984. De Kärlekslösa mödrarna: Spädbarnsdödligheten i Sverige under 1800-talet med särskild hänsyn till Nedertorneå. Acta Universitatis Umensis62: 1–271.
3.
CainM.1985. “On the Relationship Between Landholding and Fertility.” Population Studies39: 5–15.
DatabaseDemographic. 1986. History On Data. Umeå, Sweden: Swedish Demographic Database, Umeå University.
6.
DrakeM.1969. Population and Society in Norway. 1735–1865. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7.
EasterlinRichard A.AlterGeorgeCondranGretchen A.. 1978. “Farms and Farm Families in Old and New Areas: The Northern States in 1860.” pp. 22–73 in Family and Population in Nineteenth-century America, edited by HaravenT.K.VinovskisM.K.. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
8.
ErikssonIngridRogersJohn, 1978. Rural Labor and Population Change: Social and Demographic Development in East-Central Sweden During the Nineteenth Century. St. Hist. Uppsaliensa, 100.
9.
FisherR.A.1958. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. New York: Dover.
10.
FreedmanRonald. 1979. “Theories of Fertility Decline: A Reappraisal.” Social Forces58:1–17.
11.
GaunitzSven. 1979. “Local History as a Means of Understanding Economic Development.” Economy and History22:38–62.
12.
GergerTorvaldHoppeGöran. 1980. Education and Society: The Geographer's View. Acta Universitatis Stockholmensis1: 1–124.
13.
HainesMichael R.1985. “Inequality and Childhood Mortality: A Comparison of England and Wales, 1911, and the United States, 1900.” Journal of Economic History48: 885–912.
14.
HandwerkerW. Penn.1986. “Culture and Reproduction: Exploring Micro/macro Linkages. pp. 1–28 in Culture and Reproduction: An Anthropological Critique of Demographic Transition Theory, edited by Penn HandwerkerW.. Boulder: Westview.
15.
HofstenErlandLundströmHans. 1976. Swedish Population History: Main Trends from 1750 to 1890. Skriftserie utgiven av statistiska centralbyrån, Nummer 8. Stockholm: Statistiska Centralbyrån.
16.
KnodelJohn. 1988. Demographic Behavior in the Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17.
KnodelJohnvan de WalleEtiene. 1982. “Fertility Decline: European transition.” pp. 268–275 in International Encyclopedia of Population, edited by John Ross. Vol. I.
18.
LextGösta. 1968. Mantalsskrivningen i Sverige fore 1860. Meddlanden Från Ekonomisk-Historiska Institutionen vid Göteborgs Universitet 13.
19.
LithellUlla-Britt. 1982. “Poverty and Marital Fertility: A Low Standard of Living as a Determinant of a Low Level of Marital Fertility and a High Infant Mortality.” pp. 67–95 in Marriage and Fertility: Local Patterns in Pre-industrial Sweden, Finland and Norway, edited by Rogers John. Reports of the Family History Group, Department of History, University of Uppsala. No. 3.
20.
LockridgeK.A.1983. The Fertility Transition in Sweden: A Preliminary Look at Smaller Geographic Units, 1855–1890. Demographic Database, Umeå University Report #3: 1–135.
21.
LowBobbi S.1989. “Occupational Status and Reproductive Behavior in 19th Century Sweden: Locknevi Parish.” Social Biology36(1–2):82–101.
22.
LowBobbi S.1990. “Occupational Status, Land Ownership, and Reproductive Behavior in 19th century Sweden: Tuna Parish.” American Anthropologist92: 115–126.
23.
LowBobbi S. In press. “Reproductive Life in Nineteenth-century Sweden: An Evolutionary Perspective on Demographic Phenomena.” Ethology and Sociobiology.
24.
MoskCarl. 1983. Patriarchy and Fertility: Japan and Sweden, 1880–1960. New York: Academic Press.
25.
NorbergA.RolénM.. 1979. “Migration and Marriage: Some Empirical Results from Tuna Parish 1865–1894.” pp. 133–138 in Time, Space, and Man: Essays on micro-demography, edited by SundinJanSöderlundErik. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
26.
PalmoreJames A.GardnerRobert W.. 1983. Measuring Mortality, Fertility, and Natural Increase: A Self-teaching Guide to Elementary Measures. Honolulu: The East-West Center.
27.
RogersJohn. 1980. “The Study of Family Planning in Pre-industrial Societies.” pp. 41–52 in Family Building and Family Planning in Pre-industrial societies. Essays in Social and Historical Demography. Reports from the Family History Group, Dept. of History, No. 1. Uppsala: University of Uppsala.
28.
SundinJ.TedebrandL-G.. 1981. “Mortality and Morbidity in Swedish Iron Foundries 1750–1875.” Pp. 105–159 in Tradition and Transition: Studies in Microdemography and Social Change, edited by Brändstrom Anders Sundin Jan. Report No. 2 from the Demographic Database, University of Umeå.
29.
SundinJ.TedebrandL-G.. 1984. “Migratory Workers and Settled Workers: A Study of Demographic Behaviour at Swedish 19th Century Iron Foundries.” Paper delivered at the 9th annual meeting of the Social Science History Association, 25–28 Oct. 1984, Ontario, Canada.
