Using U.S. manuscript censusesfrom 1850 to 1880, the study examines changes
infertility of women in Saginaw County, Michigan, during the period in which the county became
a major center of the lumber industry in North America. The German states were an important
source of immigration to Saginaw County during this period and the paper focuses particularly
on the fertility of German women in contrast to native-born women and those of other nativity. The
comparison reveals that, although other groups of women exhibited a marked decline in fertility,
German women sustained a high fertility level to the end of the period of study.
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