In contrast with other contemporary urban elites, relatively few wealthy Philadel
phians in the late eighteenth rentury married first cousins, and these marriages led to the forma
tion of divisions among the wealthy rather than to social integration. These divisions and the social
conflict which resulted from them were often strengthened by an emerging trend of rich Philadel
phians marrying affinal kin. Philadelphia's religious norms, pluralistic social and political en
vironment, changing business atmosphere, and latitudinarian marriage practices accounted for
these patterns. The patterns, in turn, were part of a shift by wealthy Philadelphians toward
"modern" family arrangements, based on affection, individualism, and voluntarism.
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