Nine family reconstitution studies of Hungarian villages in the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries indicate the appearance of fertility control
linked to low age at first marriage. Studies of household structure suggest
considerable variance and a higher percentage of complex households than existed in
northwestern Europe, as well as the growth of this percentage. These results are
scrutinized in detail in the sources of the southern Transdanubian village of Sárpilis,
where there was a clear tendency of households to become complicated and for birth
control to appear in relatively poorer complex households. It is hypothesized that
both growing household complexity and birth control were responses to the growing
scarcity of arable land.
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