This paper questions the view that rural industrialization stimulated
family formation through a decline in the age of women at first marriage, and
hence led to a rapid growth in population. A survey of the literature, and an
analysis of countrywide cross-sectional data for late nineteenth-century Japan show
that the impact of rural industry on population increase was weak. This is closely
related to another finding, that the division of labor between the sexes within the
farm household was persistent even where rural industry had taken root. In other
words, the structural effects of proto-industrialization on demography and the
peasant family economy were not strong. It is suggested that these differences
between Japanese and Western patterns are best understood by looking at the
initial conditions of proto-industrialization.
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