Despite previous scholarship on family history and demograghy by analyzing clan genealogies in East Asian countries, determining the criteria of likely inclusion in the genealogy remains critical. To establish the determinants of a genealogy register, this article addresses the substantial characteristics of the oldest extant genealogy in Korea, that is, that of the Andong Kwon clan, published in 1476. To determine the most important criterion for inclusion in the genealogy register, the author mainly compares the impacts of lineage lines, sibling birth order, and occupational title on this genealogy. The author finds that lineage lines and sibling birth order did not have a significant influence on the genealogy register, whereas the occupational title as an indicator of social status affected the genealogy register much more than did the other variables.
Stevan Herrell, "On the Holes in Chinese Genealogies," Late Imperial China 8, no. 2 (1987): 53-79; Ted A. Telford, Patching the Holes in Chinese Genealogies: Mortality in the Lineage Populations of Tongcheng County, 1300-1880, no. 2 (1990): 116-136; Cameron Campbell and James Z. Lee, "State Views and Local Views of Population: Linking and Comparing Genealogical and Household Register Data in Liaoning, 1749-1909," History and Computing 14 (2006): 2-29.
2.
Susan B. Hanley and Arthur P. Wolf, eds., Family and Population in East Asian History (Standford, CA: Standford University Press, 1985).
3.
Patricia Buckley Ebrey and James L. Watson, eds., Kinship Organization in Late China , 1000-1940 ( Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986); Tommy Bengtsson, Cameron Campbell, James Lee, et al., Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Conditions in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004).
4.
Hanley and Wolf (1985).
5.
Ronald P.Toby pointed out the paucity of Korean literature in this volume as follows: "This book of excellent studies will surely help to correct that failing. It must be noted that the title of this volume is slightly misleading, for it is not about ‘East Asian history,’ but ‘Chinese and Japanese history,’ as there is no consideration of family and population in Korean history." Toby, "Review of Family and Population in East Asian History by Susan Hanley and Arthur Wolf,"Journal of the American Oriental Society110 (1990): 114-15.
6.
Keuntae Kim, "Eighteen-Century Korean Marriage Customs: The Tansong Census Registers," Continuity and Change 20 (2005): 193-209; Sangkuk Lee and Hyunjoon Park, "Marriage, Social Status, and Family Succession in the Medieval Korea (Thirteenth-Fifteenth Centuries)," Journal of Family History 33 (2008): 123-38; and H. Park and S. Lee, "A Survey of Data Sources for Studies of Family and Population in Korean History," History of the Family 13 (2008): 258-267 constitute the representative literature directly related to this field published in foreign journals outside Korea. Notably, H. Park and S. Lee focused on presenting the information on data sources related to studies of family and population in Korea.
7.
For a more detailed explanation about the history of the Andong Kwon clan and the outline of the Cheonghwa Po, see Ryungdae Kwon, "The Research of Cheonghwa Po" [in Korean], in A Collection of Learned Papers in the National Academy of Science (Seoul, Korea: National Academy of Science, 1981), 20; Edward W. Wagner, "Andong Kwôn Genealogy Published by 1476 and Munhwayu Genealogy Published by 1565" [in Korean], in Seokdangnonchong (Busan, Korea: Dong-A University Press, 1989), 15; and Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status."
8.
Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status."
9.
Kwon Je and his son Kwon Ram tried to compile a genealogy of the Andong Kwon clan and collect related materials. Although their attempt failed, their efforts to create a genealogy for Andong Kwon clan were based on the Cheonghwa Po. Kwon, "Research."
10.
For this article, I used the same data set as Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status," except "number of children" and "birth order," so I explain just these two categories in more details.
11.
Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status." One of the features of the Cheonghwa Po is that it occasionally recorded the same person two or three times. These cases were the cause of the Cheonghwa Po recording the children of the daughters of the Andon Kwon clan as well as the sons. We can confirm marriage networks through these cases. Therefore, we need to count them as different cases, even though they represent the same persons.
12.
Recently, a remarkable study about this problem was presented by Hiroshi Miyazima, The Structural Characters of Korean Genealogy: A Case Study of Andong Kwôn-ssi Sunghwabo [in Korean] (Seoul, Korea: Daedong Institute for Korean Studies, 2008), 62, 201-41. According to his argument, the documents referred to making the Cheonghwa Po were several Gaseungs and Tonggojopalchonjipos . The Gaseung was a document that indicated only one male per generation was recorded from the progenitor to the eighth generation. On the other hand, the Tonggojopalchonjipos refers to a document that contained great-great-grandparent lines including father and mother lines, centering on one particular individual.
13.
Park and Lee, "Survey of Data Sources."
14.
Yongseon Kim , The Study on the Inscription in Koryô Dynasty: Social History Inscribed on Stone [in Korean] ( Seoul, Korea: Ilchogak Press, 2004 ).
15.
Yeoljeon 43, Kim Jun , in Koryosa ( , History of the Koryo), vol. 130.
16.
Yeoljeon 36, Paek Seunghyun , in Koryosa, vol. 123.
17.
In the same way as Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status," I used historical materials from the Koryo and the Choson Dynasties such as Koryosa, Koryosa Choryo ( , "Essentials of Koryo History"), and Choson Dynasty sillok ("Veritable Records of the King in the Choson") to estimate the chronology.
18.
Kim, Study on the Inscription.
19.
Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status."
20.
For a more detailed explanation, see Byungkyu Son, The Household Register 1606-1923: A Cultural History of Chosôn by Means of Recording Population [in Korean] (Seoul, Korea: Humanist Press, 2007).
21.
Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status."
22.
Likewise, the average number of children is 3.2, except in nonchildren cases. According to a study by Yongseon Kim, Study on the Inscription, the average number of children in the Koryo period is 5.1. This figure is much larger than the average number in the Cheonghwa Po. If this information is correct, we can estimate that many clansmen were dropped from the Cheonghwa Po.
23.
Each level represents government officials such as the senior and junior grades of the first through ninth court ranks. Among them, high grade means the senior and junior grades of the first through third court ranks, middle grade ranges from the senior to junior grades of the forth through sixth court ranks, and low grade covers the senior and junior grades of the seventh through ninth court ranks. The milestones of these classifications are the ranges called tangsangkwan , chamsangkwan , and chamhakwan . Provincial officials refer to assistants to local and central government officials called hyangri and military men who were not considered government officials. Nonofficials were those who were noncareer individuals. Lee and Park, "Marriage, Social Status."
