This article analyzes the correspondences and differences between the principal ego state models in recent use—that is, the three ego states model, the integrated Adult model, and the functional model—and offers an integrative view of them.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BerneE. (1966). Principles of group treatment. New York: Grove Press.
2.
BerneE. (1974). ¿Qué dice usted después de decir hola?: La psicología del destino humano [What do you say after you say hello?: The psychology of human destiny] (DaurellaN., Trans.). Barcelona: Editorial Grijalbo. (Original work published 1972).
3.
BerneE. (1977). Ego states in psychotherapy. In McCormickP. (Ed.), Intuition and ego states: The origins of transactional analysis (pp. 33–48). San Francisco: TA Press. (Original work published in The American Journal of Psychotherapy, 11, 293–309, 1957).
4.
BerneE. (1980). Transactional analysis in psychotherapy: A systematic individual and social psychiatry. London: Souvenir Press. (Original work published 1961).
5.
ClarksonP. (1992). Transactional analysis psychotherapy: An integrated approach. London and New York: Tavistock/Routledge.
6.
ClarksonP.GilbertM. (1988). Berne's original model of ego states: Some theoretical considerations. Transactional Analysis Journal. 18, 20–29.
7.
DregoP. (1979). Towards the illumined child: An Indian study of ego states. Bombay: Grail.
8.
DusayJ. M. (1977). Egograms: How I see you and you see me. New York: Harper & Row.
9.
ErskineR. G. (1988). Ego structure, intrapsychic function, and defense mechanisms: A commentary on Eric Berne's original theoretical concepts. Transactional Analysis Journal. 18, 15–19.
10.
ErskineR. G. (1991). Transference and transactions: Critique from an intrapsychic and integrative perspective. Transactional Analysis Journal. 21, 63–76.
11.
ErskineR. G.ClarksonP.GouldingR. L.GroderM. G.MoisoC. (1988). Ego state theory: Definitions, descriptions, and points of view. Transactional Analysis Journal, 18, 6–14.
12.
FedernP. (1952). Ego psychology and the psychoses (WeissE., Ed.). New York: Basic Books.
13.
GouldingM. M.GouldingR. L. (1979). Changing lives through redecision therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
14.
JamesM.JongewardD. (1971). Born to win: Transactional analysis with Gestalt experiments. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
15.
LoriaB. R. (1988). The parent ego state: Theoretical foundations and alterations. Transactional Analysis Journal, 18, 39–46.
16.
NoveyT. B.Porter-SteeleN.GobesL.MasseyR. F. (1993). Ego states and the self-concept: A panel presentation and discussion. Transactional Analysis Journal, 23, 123–138.
17.
NoveyT. (1994). Letter from the editor. Transactional Analysis Journal, 24, 154–156.
18.
Oller-VallejoJ. (1986). Withdrawal: A basic positive and negative adaptation in addition to compliance and rebellion [or The withdrawn child: A contribution to the functional analysis of the adapted child]. Transactional Analysis Journal, 16, 114–119.
19.
Oller-VallejoJ. (1988). Vivir es autorrealizarse: Reflexiones y creaciones en análisis transaccional [Living is self-actualizing: Reflections and creations in transactional analysis]. Barcelona: Editorial Kairos.
20.
SchiffJ. L.SchiffA. W.MellorK.SchiffE.SchiffS.RichmanD.FishmanJ.WolzL.FishmanC.MombD. (1975). Cathexis reader: Transactional analysis treatment of psychosis. New York: Harper & Row.
21.
TrautmannR. L.ErskineR. G. (1981). Ego state analysis: A comparative view. Transactional Analysis Journal, 11, 178–185.
22.
WoollamsS.BrownM. (1978). Transactional analysis. Dexter, MI: Huron Valley Institute Press.