The original Spitz (1945) article (supporting Berne's notions about stroking needs) is critiqued. Shortcomings of the article and the way in which the article has been used by Berne and others are discussed. Implications for TA theory and the ITAA organization are pointed out. Suggestions are offered for improving the validity and credibility of TA theory.
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de AlvaJ. KlorPersonal communication, April 20, 1984.
