TA Psychohistory: Adapting,Scripting,and Cultural Scripting

We are indebted to Solon Samuels for his pointing out the problem of how the biologically derived nurturing response gets to the Parent. A simple theory position would be a splitting off from the Child as the Parent evolves, somewhat in keeping with Woollams' view that “P₂ is present and forming from the beginning of life.” ( Woollams Stanley . “Formation of the Script”, Trans. An. J., 3:3, p. 37.

Spitz Rene A. “Anxiety in Infancy: A Study of Its Manifestations in the First Year of Life”, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 31, p. 138 (1950). Cf. “protective shield” in Freud, S. “Beyond the Pleasure Principle,” Standard Edition, 18. Hogarth Press, London, 1955, pp. 1–64.

Kanner Leo , and Eisenberg Leon . “Notes on the Follow-Up Studies of Autistic Children”, Psychopathology of Childhood, Eds. Hoch P. and Zubin J . Grune and Stratton, New York, 1955, pp. 227–239. “The majority of the parents, though competent in their chosen vocations, were cold, detached, humorless perfectionists … dealing with their fellow men on the basis of what one might call a mechanization of human relationships…. One is therefore led to think of a familial trend toward detached, obsessive, mechanical living,” p. 229.

Brody Sylvia , and Axelrad Sidney . Anxiety and Ego Formation in Infancy. International Universities Press, New York, 1970, p. 248.

Brody Sylvia , and Axelrad Sidney . Anxiety and Ego Formation in Infancy. International Universities Press, New York, 1970, p. 133–134, pp. 137–138.

Anderson Judith , “Motherhood is a Chore”, San Francisco Chronicle, June 15, 1973, p. 24.

Brody Sylvia . Patterns for Mothering. International Universities Press, New York, 1956, p. 355.

Brody Sylvia . Patterns for Mothering. International Universities Press, New York, 1956, p. 347.

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., pp. 133–139.

Brody, op. cit.

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., p. 353.

Freud Sigmund . Civilization and Its Discontents. W.W. Norton, New York, 1962 (orig. ed. 1930).

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., p. 48.

Spitz , op. cit., p. 139.

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., p. 91.

Bowlby John . “Separation Anxiety”, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 51 (1950), pp. 92–95 (see also “Separation Anxiety: A Critical Review of the literature,” Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, I (1960) pp. 251–269).

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., pp. 3–9.

Spitz, op. cit., pp. 138–143.

Spitz, op. cit., pp. 138.

Bowlby, op. cit., p. 102.

Bowlby, op. cit., pp. 101–102.

Bowlby, op. cit., p. 103.

Bowlby, op. cit., 103.

Woollams, op. cit., p. 34.

Goulding Robert L. “Decisions in Script Formation”, Trans. An. J., 2:2, p. 63.

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., p. 353.

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., p. 362.

Spitz, op. cit., p. 143.

Spitz Rene A. “Hospitalism”, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, I (1946), pp. 53–74.

Spitz Rene A. “Anaclitic Depression”, Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, II (1946), pp. 313–341.

Schaffer H. R. , and Callender W. M. “Psychological Effects of Hospitalization in Infancy”, Pediatrics, 24 (1959), pp. 518–539.

Spitz Rene A. “Anxiety in Infancy…,” op. cit., p. 141.

Freud Anna , and Burlingham Dorothy . War and Children. International Universities Press, New York, 1943 (see also Infants Without Families, 1944).

Bowlby, op. cit.

Berne Eric “Classifications of Positions”, Trans. An. Bull., 1:3, p. 23.

Brody and Axelrad, op. cit., p. 81.

Steiner Claude . “Script and Counterscript”, Trans. An. Bull., 5:18, pp. 133–134.

Spitz Rene A. “Anxiety in Infancy…” op. cit., p. 139.

Frank Julian , and White Jerome D. Personal History Form [unpublished: available from the Illinois Institute of Applied Psychology, 228 N. LaSalle, Chicago, Illinois 60601].

Groder Martin . “Script Elements”, Trans. An. Bull., 6:21, p. 6.

Karpman Stephen . “Teaching TA in ‘T’ Groups”, Trans. An. Bull., 5:20, pp. 184–185.

Steiner Claude . “A Script Checklist”, Trans. An. Bull., 6:22, p. 38ff.

McCormick Paul . Guide for the Use of Life-Script Questionnaire. Stockton, Calif., 1971.