Many transactional analysts assume that psychological-level (ulterior) transactions are transmitted by nonverbal communication. Using communication theory (Buda, 1988), six alternative mechanisms transmitted by verbal messages and actions are described. By recognizing these mechanisms, it is possible to bring ulterior transactions into full awareness and to prevent games. Strategies for dealing with ulterior transactions are suggested based on bringing covert messages into full awareness and transforming competitive transactions into cooperative transactions (i.e., two parallel monologues into a real dialogue).
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AustinJ. L. (1990). Tetten ért szavak: A Harward egyetemen 1955-ben tartott William James eloadások [How to do things with words: The William James lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955] (PléhC., Trans.). Budapest: Akadémiai könyvkiadó. (Original work published 1973).
2.
BerneE. (2002). Emberi játszmdk [Games people play: The psychology of human relationships] (EhmannB., Trans.). Budapest: Hátték kiadó. (Original work published 1964).
3.
BudaB. (1988). A közvetlen emberi kommunikáció szabályszeruségei [The regularities of direct human communication] [Electronic version]. Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár [Web page]. Retrieved 1 November 2005 from http://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02009/02009.htm.
FelkaiG. (1993). Kritikai megjegyzések a habermasi cselekvéselmélethez [Critical observations to Habermas's action theory] [Electronic version]. Szociológiai Szemle3-4, 45–59. Retrieved 2 February from http://www.mtapti.hu/mszt/199334/felkai.htm.
6.
VárkonyiF.Z. (2003). Tanulom magam [I am learning myself]. Budapest: Mérték.
7.
GordonT. (1975). P.E.T: Parent effectiveness training, New York: Peter H. Wyden.
8.
MéröL. (1996). Mindenki másképp egyforma [Moral calculations: Game theory, logic, and human frailty]. Budapest: Tericum.
9.
PeaseA. (1997). Testbeszéd: Gondolatolvasás gesztusokból [Body language: How to read other's thoughts by their gestures] (BékésA. Walkóné, Trans). Budapest: Park. (Original work published 1981).
10.
PeaseA.GardnerA. (1997). Szóbeszéd: A társalgás müvészete [Talk language: How to use conversation for profit and pleasure] (DáczerE., Trans). Budapest: Park. (Original work published 1989).
11.
StewartI.JoinesV. (1987). TA today: A new introduction to transactional analysis. Nottingham, England, and Chapel Hill, NC: Lifespace Publishing.
12.
SzabóK. (1997). Kommunikáció felsofokon [Communication on the highest level]. Budapest: Kossuth.
VandraA. (2006a. The link between the mathematical game theory and transactional analysis. A new way of psychological games come into being. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 2 (8). Retrieved 12 May 2006 from http://www.ejop.org/archives/2006/05/the_link_betwee_1.html.
19.
VandraA. (2006b). Tetteink kommunikálnak? A cselekedetek általi kommunikáció jelentosége az emberi kommunikációban [Our actions are communicating? The importance of action-transmitted messages in human communication]. Jel-Kép, 3-4, 93–107.
20.
VandraA. (2006c). Transactional analysis seen by a critical parent eye: Crossed transactions, reality or graphic illusion? Parallel communication. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 2 (8). Retrieved 12 August 2006 from http://www.ejop.org/archives/2006/08/ta_seen_by_a_cr.html.
21.
VandraA. (2007). Neveljünk, de hogyan? [Let us educate, but how?]. Brasov, Romania: Editor BL 49.
22.
WatzlawickP.BeavinJ. H.JacksonD. D. (1967). Pragmatics of human communication. A study of interactional patterns, pathologies and paradoxes. New York: Norton.
23.
ZentaiI. (2006). Megyzözéstechnika és kritikai gondol- kodás a mindennapi gyakorlatban [Techniques of convincing and critical thinking in daily practice]. Budapest: Medicina.
