This article reviews current emotion theories and compares the connections between the transactional analysis approach to emotions with other, primarily academic views of emotions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AverillJ. R. (1997). The emotions: An integrative approach. In HoganR., JohnsonJ., & BriggsS. (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 513–541). San Diego: Academic Press.
2.
BarnardP. J., & TeasdaleJ. D. (1991). Interactive cognitive subsystems: A systemic approach to cognitive-affective interaction and change. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 1–39.
3.
BeckA. T. (1972). Depression: Causes and treatments. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
4.
BrodyL. R., & HallJ. A. (1993). Gender and emotion. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 447–460). New York: Guilford Press.
5.
BuckR. (1985). Prime theory: An integrated view of motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(3), 389–413.
6.
BuckR. (1999). The biological affects: A typology. Psychological Review, 106(2), 301–336.
7.
CacioppoJ. T., KleinD. J., BernstonG. G., & HatfieldE. (1993). The psychophysiology of emotion. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 119–142). New York: Guilford Press.
8.
CannonW. B. (1927). The James-Lange theory of emotions: A critical examination and an alternative theory. American Journal of Psychology, 39, 106–124.
9.
DarwinC. (1998). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. New York: Philosophical Library. (Original work published 1872)
10.
DavidsonR. J. (1993). The neuropsychology of emotion and affective style. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 143–154). New York: Guilford Press.
11.
DemosJ. (1988). Shame and guilt in early New England. In SteamsZ. C. & StearnsP. N. (Eds.), Emotion and social change: Toward a new psychohistory (pp. 69–86). New York: Holmes & Meier.
12.
EkmanP. (1973). Cross-cultural studies of facial expression. In EkmanP. (Ed.), Darwin and facial expression (pp. 169–222). New York: Academic Press.
13.
EnglishF. (1972). Rackets and real feelings II. Transactional Analysis Journal, 2(1), 23–25.
14.
EpsteinS. (1997). Emotion and self-theory. In HoganR., JohnsonJ., & BriggsS. (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 313–326). San Diego: Academic Press. (Original work published 1993)
15.
EriksonE. H. (1985). Childhood and society (2nd ed. rev.). New York: Norton. (Original work published 1963)
16.
ErnstF. H.Jr. (1973). Psychological rackets in the OK corral. Transactional Analysis Journal, 3(2), 19–23.
17.
FehrB., & RussellJ. A. (1984). Concept of emotion viewed from a prototype perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 113(3), 464–486.
18.
FrijdaN. H. (1993). Moods, emotion episodes and emotions. In LewisM., & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 381–403). New York: Guilford Press.
19.
GrayJ. A. (1999). Cognition, emotion, conscious experience and the brain. In DalgleishT. & PowerM. (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 83–102). New York: Wiley.
20.
GreenbergL. S. (1993). Emotion and change processes in psychotherapy. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 499–508). New York: Guilford Press.
21.
HallJ. A. (1984). Nonverbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
22.
HochschildA. R. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules and social structure. American Journal of Sociology, 85, 551–575.
23.
HochschildA. R. (1990). Ideology and emotion management: A perspective and path for future research. In KemperT. D. (Ed.), Research agendas in the sociology of emotions (pp. 117–142). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
24.
IzardC. (1977). Human emotions. New York: Plenum.
25.
IzardC. (1992). Basic emotions, relation among emotions and emotion-cognition relations. Psychological Review, 99(3), 561–565.
26.
KemperT. D. (1993). Sociological models in the explanation of emotions. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 41–51). New York: Guilford Press.
27.
LaplancheJ., & PontalisJ. B. (1988). Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse [Dictionary of psychoanalysis]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
28.
LazarusR. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44. 1–21.
29.
LeDouxJ. E. (1993). Emotional networks in the brain. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 109–118). New York: Guilford Press.
30.
LeDouxJ. E. (1996). The emotional brain. The mysterious underpinning of emotional life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
31.
LeventhalH., & SchererK. (1987). The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy. Cognition and Emotion. 1, 3–28.
32.
LewisM. (2000). The emergence of human emotions. In LewisM. & Haviland-JonesJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed.) (pp. 265–280). New York: Guilford Press.
33.
LewisM., & MichalsonL. (1983). Childrens' emotions and moods: Developmental theory and measurement. New York: Plenum Press
34.
LewisM. D., & GranicI. (1999). Self-organization of cognition-emotion interactions. In DalgleishT. & PowerM. (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 683–701). New York: Wiley.
35.
MacLeanP. D. (1993). Cerebral evolution of emotion. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 67–83). New York: Guilford Press.
36.
MagaiC., & HunzikerJ. (1993). Tolstoy and the riddle of developmental transformation: A lifespan analysis of the role of emotions in personality development. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 247–259). New York: Guilford Press.
37.
MalatestaC. Z., & WilsonA. (1988). Emotion cognition interaction in personality development: A discrete emotions, functionalist analysis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 91–112.
38.
OatleyK. (1993). Social construction in emotions. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 341–352). New York: Guilford Press.
39.
ÖhmanA. (1999). Distinguishing unconscious from conscious emotional processes: Methodological considerations and theoretical implications. In DalgleishT. & PowerM. (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 321–352). New York: Wiley.
40.
ÖhmanA., & SoaresJ. (1994). Unconscious anxiety: Phobic responses to masked stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 231–240.
41.
PankseppJ. (1993). Neurochemical control of moods and emotions: Amino acids to neuropeptids. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 87–108). New York: Guilford Press.
42.
PankseppJ. (2000). Emotions as natural kinds within the mammalian brain. In LewisM. & Haviland-JonesJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed.) (pp. 137–156). New York: Guilford Press.
43.
ParishS. (1991). The sacred mind: Newer cultural representations of mental life and the production of moral consciousness. Ethos, 19(3), 313–351.
44.
PhanK. L., WagerT. D., TaylorS. F., & LiberzonI. (2004). Functional neuroimaging studies of human emotions. CNS Spectrum, 9(4), 258–266.
45.
PlutchikR. (1962). The emotions: Facts, theories and a new model. New York: Random House.
46.
RogersC. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
47.
RosaldoM. Z. (1980). Knowledge and passion: Ilongot notion of self and social life. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
48.
RussellA. (1989). Culture, script and children's understanding of emotion. In SaarniC. & HarrisP. (Eds.), Children's understanding of emotion (pp. 293–318). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
49.
SchachterS., & SingerJ. E. (1962). Cognitive, social and psychological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379–399.
50.
SolomonR. C. (1993). The philosophy of emotions. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 3–16). New York: Guilford Press.
51.
StearnsP. N. (1993). History of emotions: The issue of change. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 17–28). New York: Guilford Press.
52.
SteinN. L., TrabassoT., & LiwagM. (1993). The representation and organization of emotional experience: Unfolding the emotion episode. In LewisM. & HavilandJ. M. (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 279–300). New York: Guilford Press.
StewartI., & JoinesV. (1987). TA today: A new introduction to transactional analysis. Nottingham, England, and Chapel Hill, NC: Life Space Publishing.
55.
TannenD. (1990). You just don't understand. New York: Ballantine Books.
56.
TeasdaleJ. D. (1999). Multilevel theories of cognition-emotion relations. In DalgleishT. & PowerM. (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 665–681). New York: Wiley.
57.
TomkinsS. S. (1962). Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol 1: The positive affects. New York: Springer.
58.
TomkinsS. S. (1963). Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol 2: The negative affects. New York: Springer.
59.
TomkinsS. S. (1981). The role of facial response in the experience of emotions: A reply to Tourangeau and Ellsworth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 355–357.
60.
WhiteT. (1996). Character feelings. Transactional Analysis Journal, 26, 167–174.
61.
ZajoncR. B., MurphyS. T., & InglehartM. (1989). Feeling and facial efference: Implications of the vascular theory of emotions. Psychological Review, 96, 395–416.