This article describes a four-step formulation for addressing the unconscious content of games and pastimes. This model is based, in part, on the psychoanalytic psychotherapy developed by Robert Langs. While the work of Eric Berne addresses the conscious content of psychological games and pastimes, Langs's work addresses their unconscious, highly subjective content. Using both provides transactional analysts with a more complete model for addressing patient communications, especially those from the Child state of the ego.
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