Shelter-based abused women report a variety of needs across different domains (e.g., housing, finances, relationships, health, safety, and empowerment). This diversity of needs underscores the necessity for different types of services. In the current study, the authors constructed profiles of Dutch shelter-based abused women (N = 218) based on their reported needs. Further, the authors compared their needs profiles with respect to sociodemographic and social–economic characteristics, abuse type, symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general life satisfaction, social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the attuning of the shelter services to the needs reported. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified four needs profiles: a High Needs class, a Practical Needs class, an Empowerment Needs class, and a Low Needs class. The classes differed with respect to migration, mental health, well-being variables, and the attuning of care needs. The results of this study underline the necessity for specifically tailored interventions for these four subgroups in women’s shelters.
AllenN. E.BybeeD. I.SullivanC. M. (2004). Battered women’s multitude of needs: Evidence supporting the need for comprehensive advocacy. Violence Against Women, 10, 1015–1035.
2.
AlsakerK.MoenB. E.NortvedtM. W.BasteV. (2006). Low health-related quality of life among abused women. Quality of Life Research, 15, 959–965.
3.
AndersonD. J. (2003). The impact on subsequent violence of returning to an abusive partner. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34, 93–112.
4.
AndrewsR. L.CurrimI. S. (2003). A comparison of segment retention criteria for finite mixture logit models. Journal of Marketing Research, 40, 235–243.
5.
AstinM. C.LawrenceK. J.FoyD. W. (1993). Posttraumatic stress disorder among battered women: Risk and resiliency factors. Violence and Victims, 8, 17–28.
6.
AttalaJ. M.WarmingtonM. (1996). Clients’ evaluation of health care services in a battered women’s shelter. Public Health Nursing, 13, 269–275.
7.
BakerP. L. (1997). And I went back—Battered women’s negotiation of choice. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 26, 55–74.
8.
BellM. E.GoodmanL. A.DuttonM. A. (2009). Variations in help-seeking, battered women’s relationship course, emotional well-being, and experiences of abuse over time. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33, 149–162.
9.
Ben-PoratA.ItzhakyH. (2008). Factors that influence life satisfaction among battered women in shelters: Those who stay versus those who leave. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 597–604.
10.
BissonJ. I. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Occupational Medicine-Oxford, 57, 399–403.
11.
BlascovichJ.TomakaJ. (1991). Measures of self-esteem. In RobinsonJ. P.ShaverP. R.WrightsmanL. S. E. (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 115–160). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
12.
BonomiA. E.AndersonM. L.ReidR. J.RivaraF. P.CarrellD.ThompsonR. S. (2009). Medical and psychosocial diagnoses in women with a history of intimate partner violence. Archives of Internal Medicine, 169, 1692–1697.
13.
BosscherR. J.BaardmanI. (1989). Het meten van gepercipieerde competentie bij psychiatrische patienten [The measure of perceived competence in psychiatric patients]. Bewegen & Hulpverlening, 6, 312–322.
14.
BosscherR. J.SmitJ. H. (1998). Confirmatory factor analysis of the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 339–343.
15.
BosscherR. J.SmitJ. H.KempenG. I. J. M. (1997). Algemene competentieverwachtingen bij ouderen: Een onderzoek naar de psychometrische kenmerken van de Algemene Competentieschaal (ALCOS) [Expectations of general self-efficacy in elderly persons: Investigating psychometric characteristics of the General Self-Efficacy Scale]. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie, 52, 239–248.
16.
BoumaJ.RanchorA. V.SandermanR.Van SonderenE. (1995). Het meten van symptomen van depressie met de CES-D: Een handleiding (CES-D). [Measuring depressive symptoms with the CES-D: A manual]. Groningen, The Netherlands: Noordelijk Centrum voor Gezondheidsvraagstukken (NCGv).
17.
BrackeP. (1998). Sex differences in the course of depression: Evidence from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the Belgian population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 420–429.
18.
CampbellJ.JonesA. S.DienemannJ.KubJ.SchollenbergerJ.O’CampoP.WynneC. (2002). Intimate partner violence and physical health consequences. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162, 1157–1163.
19.
CampbellJ. C.MillerP.CardwellM. M.BelknapR. A. (1994). Relationship status of battered women over time. Journal of Family Violence, 9, 99–111.
20.
CampbellJ. C.SoekenK. L. (1999). Women’s responses to battering over time: An analysis of change. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 21–40.
21.
CokerA. L. (2007). Does physical intimate partner violence affect sexual health? A systematic review. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 8, 149–177.
22.
CokerA. L.SmithP. H.BetheaL.KingM. R.McKeownR. E. (2000). Physical health consequences of physical and psychological intimate partner violence. Archives of Family Medicine, 9, 451–457.
23.
CollinsC. C.DresslerW. W. (2008). Cultural consensus and cultural diversity: A mixed methods investigation of human service providers’ models of domestic violence. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2, 362–387.
24.
CorriganP. W.WatsonA. C. (2003). Factors that explain how policy makers distribute resources to mental health services. Psychiatric Services, 54, 501–507.
25.
CurnowS. A. M. (1997). The open window phase: Helpseeking and reality behaviors by battered women. Applied Nursing Research, 10, 128–135.
DienerE.SuhE. M.LucasR. E.SmithH. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302.
28.
DrossmanD. A.TalleyN. J.LesermanJ.OldenK. W.BarreiroM. A. (1995). Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness: Review and recommendations. Annals of Internal Medicine, 123, 782–794.
29.
DunstC. J.JohansonC.TrivetteC. M.HambyD. (1991). Family-oriented early intervention policies and practices: Family-centered or not. Exceptional Children, 58, 115–126.
30.
DuttonM. A.KaltmanS.GoodmanL. A.WeinfurtK.VankosN. (2005). Patterns of intimate partner violence: Correlates and outcomes. Violence and Victims, 20, 483–497.
31.
EisikovitsZ.BuchbinderE.MorM. (1998). “What it was won’t be anymore”: Reaching the turning point in coping with intimate violence. Affilia–Journal of Women and Social Work, 13, 411–434.
32.
EngelhardI. M.van den HoutM. A.WeertsJ.ArntzA.HoxJ. J. C. M.McNallyR. J. (2007). Deployment-related stress and trauma in Dutch soldiers returning from Iraq: Prospective study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191, 140–145.
33.
FederG.RamsayJ.DunneD.RoseM.ArseneC.NormanR.TaketA. (2009). How far does screening women for domestic (partner) violence in different health-care settings meet criteria for a screening programme? Systematic reviews of nine UK National Screening Committee criteria. Health Technology Assessment, 13, 1–156.
34.
FokkemaT.DykstraP. (2001). Verschillen in depressie tussen gehuwde en gescheiden vrouwen in Nederland: op zoek naar een verklaring [Differences in depression between married and divorced women in the Netherlands: Looking for an explanation]. Sociale Wetenschappen, 44, 115–137.
35.
GarciaL.SoriaC.HurwitzE. L. (2007). Homicides and intimate partner violence: A literature review. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 8, 370–383.
36.
GoldbergW. G.TomlanovichM. C. (1984). Domestic violence victims in the emergency department: New findings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 251, 3259–3264.
37.
GondolfE.FisherE. R. (1988). Battered women as survivors: Alternatives to treating learned helplessness. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
38.
GoodmanL. A.EpsteinD. (2007). Listening to battered women. A survivor-centered approach to advocacy, mental health, and justice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
39.
GrossT. P.RosenbergM. L. (1987). Shelters for battered women and their children: An under-recognized source of communicable disease transmission. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 1198–1201.
40.
Hagemann-WhiteC. (2001). European research on the prevalence of violence against women. Violence Against Women, 7, 732–759.
41.
HanewaldG. J. F. B. (1987). Een onderzoek naar de betrouwbaarheid en de validiteit. [CES-D the Dutch version:
A study of the reliability and validity] Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Vakgroep Klinische Psychologie (internal report).
42.
HeiseL. L.EllsbergM.GottemoellerM. (1999). Ending violence against women. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Center for Communications Programs.
43.
HorowitzM.WilnerN.AlvarezW. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209–218.
44.
HughesM. J.JonesL. (2010). Women, domestic violence, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). San Diego, CA: Department of Health and Human Services, School of Social Work, San Diego State University.
45.
JacobsonN. S.GottmanJ. M.GortnerE.BernsS.ShorttJ. W. (1996). Psychological factors in the longitudinal course of battering: When do the couples split up? When does the abuse decrease?Violence and Victims, 11, 371–392.
46.
JohnsonD. M. (2006). A cognitive-behavioral treatment for battered women with PTSD in shelters: Findings from a pilot study. Journal-of-Traumatic-Stress, 19, 559–564.
47.
JohnsonD. M.ZlotnickC. (2009). HOPE for battered women with PTSD in domestic violence shelters. Professional Psychology-Research and Practice, 40, 234–241.
48.
JohnsonD. M.ZlotnickC.PerezS. (2008). The relative contribution of abuse severity and PTSD severity on the psychiatric and social morbidity of battered women in shelters. Behavior Therapy, 39, 232–241.
49.
JonesL.HughesM.UnterstallerU. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims of domestic violence. A review of the research. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 2, 99–119.
50.
KempA.RawlingsE.GreenB. L. (1991). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in battered women: A shelter sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 4, 137–147.
51.
KimS.KimJ. (2001). The effects of group intervention for battered women in Korea. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 15, 257–264.
52.
KleberR. J.DefaresP. B.BromD. (1998). Coping with trauma: Theory, prevention and treatment. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
53.
KrishnanS. P.HilbertJ. C.McNeilK.NewmanI. (2004). From respite to transition: Women’s use of domestic violence shelters in rural New Mexico. Journal of Family Violence, 19, 165–173.
54.
LehmanA. F. (1983). The well-being of chronic mental-patients: Assessing their quality of life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 369–373.
55.
LehmanA. F. (1996). Toolkit on evaluating quality of life for persons with severe mental illness. Cambridge, MA: Human Services Research Institute.
56.
LehmanA. F. (1996). Measures of quality of life among persons with severe and persistent mental disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 31, 78–88.
57.
LernerC. F.KennedyL. T. (2000). Stay-leave decision making in battered women: Trauma, coping and self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 215–232.
58.
LesermanJ. (2005). Sexual abuse history: Prevalence, health effects, mediators, and psychological treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 906–915.
59.
LetourneauE. J.HolmesM.Chasedunn-RoarkJ. (1999). Gynecologic health consequences to victims of interpersonal violence. Women’s Health Issues, 9, 115–120.
60.
LindenF. J. v. d.DijkmanT. A.RoedersP. J. B. (1983). Metingen van kenmerken van het persoonssysteem en sociale systeem [Measures of characteristics of the personal and social systeem]. Nijmegen: Hoogveld Instituut.
61.
MacyR. J.FerronJ.CrosbyC. (2009). Partner violence and survivors’ chronic health problems: Informing social work practice. Social Work, 54, 29–43.
62.
MarkH.BitzkerK.KlappB. F.RauchfussM. (2008). Gynaecological symptoms associated with physical and sexual violence. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 29, 164–172.
63.
McCauleyJ.KernD. E.KolodnerK.DillL.SchroederA. F.DeChantH. K.DerogatisL. R. (1995). The “battering syndrome”: Prevalence and clinical characteristics of domestic violence in primary-care internal-medicine practices. Annals of Internal Medicine, 123, 737–746.
64.
McCutcheonA. L. (1987). Latent class analysis. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
65.
McFarlaneJ.SoekenK.WiistW. (2000). An evaluation of interventions to decrease intimate partner violence to pregnant women. Public Health Nursing, 17, 443–451.
66.
McLachlanG.PeelD. (2000). Finite mixture models. New York, NY: John Wiley.
67.
MuthénL. K.MuthénB. O. (2010). MPlus user’s guide. (6th ed.).
Los Angeles, CA: Author.
68.
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. (2003). Costs of intimate partner violence against women in the United States. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
69.
PlichtaS. B. (2007). Interactions between victims of intimate partner violence against women and the health care system: Policy and practice implications. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 8, 226–239.
70.
PlichtaS. B.AbrahamC. (1996). Violence and gynecologic health in women <50 years old. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 174, 903–907.
71.
RadloffL. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.
72.
RamsayJ.CarterY.DavidsonL.DunneD.EldridgeS.HegartyK.FederG. (2009). Advocacy interventions to reduce or eliminate violence and promote the physical and psychosocial well-being of women who experience intimate partner abuse [Review]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, Art. No: CD005043. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005043.pub2
73.
RennisonC. M.WelchansS. (2000). Intimate partner violence. In Crime data brief (Report no. NCJ 178247). Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice.
74.
RosenbergM. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
75.
Ruiz-PerezI.Plazaola-CastanoJ.del Rio-LozanoM. (2006). How do women in Spain deal with an abusive relationship?Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 60, 706–711.
76.
RusbultC. E.MartzJ. M. (1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An investment model analysis of nonvoluntary dependence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 558–571.
77.
SalzmanL. E.FanslowJ. L.McMahonP. M.ShellyG.A. (1999). Intimate partner violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements. Version 1.0. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
78.
SaundersD. G. (1994). Posttraumatic stress symptom profiles of battered women: A comparison of survivors in two settings. Violence and Victims, 9, 31–44.
79.
SaundersD. G.HambergerK.HoveyM. (1993). Indicators of women abuse based on a chart review at a family practice center. Archives of Family Medicine, 2, 537–543.
80.
ShererM.MadduxJ. E.MercandanteB.PrenticedunnS.JacobsB.RogersR. W. (1982). The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51, 663–671.
81.
SinclairS. J.BlaisM. A.GanslerD. A.SandbergE.BistisK.LoCiceroA. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Overall and across demographic groups living within the United States. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 33, 56–80.
82.
SokoloffN. J.DupontI. (2005). Domestic violence at the intersections of race, class, and gender: Challenges and contributions to understanding violence against marginalized women in diverse communities. Violence Against Women, 11, 38–64.
83.
StarkE.FlitcraftA.FrazierW. (1979). Medicine and patriarchal violence: Social construction of a private event. International Journal of Health Services, 9, 461–493.
84.
SullivanC. M.TanC.BastaJ.RumptzM.DavidsonW. S. (1992). An advocacy intervention program for women with abusive partners: Initial evaluation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 309–332.
85.
TjadenP.ThoennesN. (2000). Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women. Findings from the national violence against women survey (Rep. No. NCJ 183781). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
86.
TjadenP.ThoennesN. (2002). Extent, nature and consequences of intimate partner violence (Rep. No. NCJ 181867). Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
87.
TuttyL. M. (1996). Post-shelter services: The efficacy of follow-up programs for abused women. Research on Social Work Practice, 6, 425–441.
88.
Van der PloegE.MoorenT. T. M.KleberR. J.van der VeldenP. G.BromD. (2004). Construct validation of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale. Psychological Assessment, 16, 16–26.
WenninkJ.Van WijngaardenB. (2004). Quality of Life and Care (QoLC). Kwaliteit van leven en vervulling zorgwensen [Quality of Life and Care (QoLC). Quality of life and fulfilling of care needs]. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut.
91.
WitsE. G.KnibbeR. A.VerveenJ.MeuldersW. (2003). Richtlijn voor het opstellen van clientprofielen in de verslavingszorg [Client profiles: A guideline for target group analysis in addiction care]. Rotterdam: Instituut Voor Onderzoek naar Leefwijzen en Verslaving (IVO).
92.
WolfJ. (2005). Wat de opvang wil weten. Kennisprogramma maatschappelijke opvang & vrouwenopvang [What shelter facilities want to know: A program of knowledge for refuge facilities for homeless people and battered women]. Amsterdam: BV Uitgeverij SWP.
93.
WolfJ.JonkerI.NicholasS.MeertensV.Te PasS. (2006). Maat en baat van de vrouwenopvang. Onderzoek naar vraag en aanbod [Refuge facilities for women: Availability and effectiveness: A study of supply and demand]. Amsterdam: BV Uitgeverij SWP.
94.
WolfJ.JonkerI.NicholasS.PutrissE. (2007). Vervolg op de vrouwenopvang. De situatie van vrouwen een jaar na dato [Follow-up on refuge facilities for women: A study on the situation of women a year after exit]. Amsterdam: BV Uitgeverij SWP.
95.
WoodruffS. L.CashmanJ. F. (1993). Task, domain, and general efficacy: A reexamination of the Self-Efficacy Scale. Psychological Reports, 72, 423–432.
96.
WoodsS. J.HallR. J.CampbellJ. C.AngottD. M. (2008). Physical health and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in women experiencing intimate partner violence. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 53, 538–546.
97.
Woods CoxJ. W.StoltenbergC. D. (1991). Evaluation of a treatment program for battered wives. Journal of Family Violence, 6, 395–413.
98.
ZlotnickC.JohnsonD. M.KohnR. (2006). Intimate partner violence and long-term psychosocial functioning in a national sample of American women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 262–275.
