Abstract
The effect of parking prices on mode choice for urban work travel is investigated, controlling for access to transit and residential and employment location. The analysis uses a nested multinomial logit model and is based on travel-activity data from the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. Parking prices are estimated to have a significant influence on commuters' mode choices. Parking prices are also found to have divergent impacts on commuters using different modes or living in different areas. Suburban transit users are more responsive to parking price changes than central city transit users. Persons ridesharing are less sensitive to parking prices than those who drive alone. For suburban residents, those driving alone and ridesharing to work are less sensitive to parking prices than are central city residents. Employment location plays an important role in mode choice; those working in suburban areas tend to drive more and use transit less. Increased transit service alone has a fairly small effect on transit use. Increasing parking price and improving transit service at the same time provides an effective means of reducing solo driving and increasing transit use.
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