Incorporating Work Trip Accessibility in Nonwork Trip Generation Models in San Francisco Bay Area

Abstract

Efforts to include disaggregate work trip accessibility in models of non-work trip generation are described. Reported household-level, one-way, average home-based work trip duration is used in home-based shop/other and home-based social/recreation models for the San Francisco Bay Area. The survey data and models show an inverse relationship between work trip duration and home-based nonwork trip frequency: as work trip duration increases, nonwork trip frequency decreases. Hybrid trip generation models using multiple regression techniques, cross-classified by workers in household level and vehicles in household level, are estimated using data from the 1981 and 1990 household travel surveys. Work trip duration is excluded in models estimated for nonworking households and is included in models estimated for single-worker and multiworker households. Elasticity analyses show that a 10 percent decrease in the regional work trip duration yields a 1.2 percent increase in regional home-based shop/other trips and a 0.9 percent increase in regional home-based social/recreation trips. The research helps to identify practical means to incorporate workplace accessibility in regional travel demand model forecasting systems, to better analyze the issue of induced trip making, and to provide a better understanding of the linkage between congestion and trip frequency choice behavior.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Golob

T. F.

, Kitamura

, and Lula

. Modeling the Effects of Commuting Time on Activity Duration and Non-Work Travel. Presented at 73rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1994.

Purvis

C. L.

Changes in Regional Travel Characteristics and Travel Time Expenditures in the San Francisco Bay Area: 1960–1990. In Transportation Research Record 1466, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1995, pp. 99–109.

Cambridge Systematics, Inc. Travel Model Development Project: Phase 2 Final Report: Volume 1: Summary Report. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Berkeley, Calif., June 1980.

Kollo

H. P. H.

Home Based Work Trip Models: Final Disaggregate Version: Travel Model Development with 1980/81 Data Base: Working Paper 2. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, Calif., Dec. 1987.

Kollo

H. P. H.

, and Purvis

C. L.

. Non-Work Trip Models: Final Version: Technical Summary: Travel Model Update with 1980/81 Data Base. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, Calif., Aug. 1987.

Kitamura

The Effects of Added Transportation Capacity on Travel: A Review of Theoretical and Empirical Results. In The Effects of Added Transportation Capacity: Conference Proceedings ( Shunk

G.A.

, ed.). DOT-T-94-12. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., Dec. 1991, pp. 79–95.

Nakkash

T. Z.

, and Grecco

W. L.

. Activity-Accessibility Models of Trip Generation. In Highway Research Record 392, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1972, pp. 98–110.

Vickerman

R. W.

Accessibility, Attraction, and Potential: A Review of SomeConcepts and Their Use in Determining Mobility. Environment and Planning A, Vol. 6, 1974, pp. 675–691.

Golding

, and Olsen

J. L.

. Analysis of Household Trip Production Rates. In Australian Road Research Board Conference Proceedings, Vol. 8, 1976, pp. 26–40.

10.

Leake

G. R.

, and Huzayyin

A. S.

. Accessibility Measures and their Suitability for Use in Trip Generation Models. Traffic Engineering and Control, Vol. 20, No. 12, 1979, pp. 566–572.

11.

Southworth

A Disaggregated Trip Distribution Model with Elastic Frequencies and Expenditures. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1979, pp. 209–224.

12.

Landau

, Prashker

J. N.

, and Hirsh

. The Effect of Temporal Constraints on Household Travel Behavior. Environment and Planning A, 1981, pp. 435–448.

13.

Goulias

K. G.

, Pendyala

R. M.

, and Kitamura

. Practical Method for the Estimation of Trip Generation and Trip Chaining. In Transportation Research Record 1285, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1990, pp. 47–56.

14.

Goulias

K. G.

, and Kitamura

. Recursive Model System for Trip Generation and Trip Chaining. In Transportation Research Record 1236, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1989, pp. 59–66.

15.

Kitamura

, Robinson

J. P.

, Golob

T. F.

, Bradley

M. A.

, Leonard

, and vander Hoorn

. A Comparative Analysis of Time Use Data in the Netherlands and California. Research Report UCD-ITS-RR-92-9. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, June 1992.

16.

Golob

T. F.

, and McNally

M. G.

. A Model of Household Interactions in Activity Participation and the Derived Demand for Travel. Presented at Conference on Activity-Based Approaches: Activity Scheduling and the Analysis of Activity Patterns, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, May 1995.

17.

Crain and Associates. 1981 Bay Area Travel Survey. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, Calif., Aug. 1981.

18.

Reynolds

M. M.

, Flynn

S. M.

, and Reinke

D. B.

. 1981 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. In Transportation Research Record 877, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1982, pp. 51–58.

19.

Charns

, Nelson

, and Pitta

. 1990 Bay Area Travel Surveys: Final Report. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, Calif., March 1991.

20.

San Francisco Bay Area 1990 Travel Model Development Project: Compilation of Technical Memoranda: Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, Calif., March 1995.

21.

San Francisco Bay Area 1990 Travel Model Development Project: Compilation of Technical Memoranda: Vol. 2. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, Calif., June 1995.

22.

Chow

Gregory C.

Tests of Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions. Econometrica, Vol. 28, No. 3, July 1960, pp. 591–605.

23.

Smith

R. L.

Jr. , and Cleveland

. Time-Stability Analysis of Trip-Generation and Predistribution Modal-Choice Models. In Transportation Research Record 569, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 76–86.

24.

Kollo

H. P. H.

, and Purvis

C. L.

. Regional Travel Forecasting Model System for the San Francisco Bay Area. In Transportation Research Record 1220, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1989, pp. 58–65.