Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Requirements for Older Drivers

Abstract

Traffic pavement markings serve to regulate, guide, and channelize traffic and supplement other traffic-control devices. Because of their retroreflective properties pavement markings are critical for guidance at night, when reference objects near the edge of the roadway are difficult to see. Nighttime luminance levels provided by pavement markings that may be adequate for younger drivers may be less than adequate for older drivers. Both subjective evaluations and quantitative measures of in-place roadway markings were made to determine minimum marking retroreflectivity levels required for older drivers. In the field study more than 85 percent of subjects aged 60 years or older rated a marking retroreflectance of 100 mcd/m²/lx as adequate or more than adequate for night conditions. This base value does not include the effects of windshields and headlights that are less than clean or the variability of individual vehicle headlight performance. A comparison between the results for older drivers and the results of a similar 1989 study of younger drivers was also made. It was found that whereas the average subjective ratings were similarly distributed relative to the retroreflectivity of pavement markings, there was a significant difference in the subjective ratings made by older and younger drivers. Older drivers consistently rated the retroreflectivity of markings lower than did younger drivers.