Strategic Location Planning for Electric Truck Charging Stations using Truck Trajectory Data

Abstract

In the U.S.A., the drive toward electric vehicle adoption seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emission and achieve the national goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. The significant contribution of heavy-duty semi-trailer trucks in transport-related carbon emissions and energy use motivate the environmental benefits of their electrification. The electrification of heavy-duty semi-trailer trucks, which significantly contribute to tailpipe emissions, presents an opportunity to mitigate these impacts while improving overall air quality. To facilitate the shift to electrification, this study presents a methodology for identifying locations for electric truck charging stations (ETCSs), utilizing data-driven approaches applicable to electric truck deployment needs. A tiered site selection strategy for ETCS sites ensures access coverage, identifying eligible ETCS sites and emphasizing arterials’ and interstates’ significance. Comparison with existing truck parking facilities shows the need for strategic ETCS placement. In addition, the study investigates the impact of advancements in battery technology on infrastructure requirements, analyzing how improved travel ranges may affect the distribution and number of charging stations required. Finally, an analysis comparing different vehicle range scenarios shows an inverse relation between travel range enhancements and ETCS requirements, providing insights for future infrastructure planning that balances technological advancements with charging network development.