Integrating Empirical and Subjective Evidence on Young Drivers’ Risk Perceptions and Crash Factors

Abstract

Young drivers (YDs) are particularly vulnerable to crashes owing to their limited driving experience. This study bridges the gap between YDs’ perceptions and empirical crash data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing their crash involvement. A dual-method approach was employed, integrating structural equation modeling (SEM) based on crash data from Iran, with Q-methodology, which captured subjective viewpoints from 121 young drivers aged 18–24. The SEM analysis identified key human-related factors, including speeding, tailgating, and illegal overtaking, alongside significant environmental- and vehicle-related factors such as adverse weather conditions and motorcycle use. Q-methodology provided deeper insights into how YDs perceive aggressive driving behaviors, impairment factors, and physical well-being as contributors to crashes. A critical finding is the divergence between perceived and statistically significant crash risk factors, particularly considering road conditions and vehicle type. This novel integration of self-reported perspectives with real-world crash data offers unique insights that prior studies have not explored, underscoring the need for targeted educational programs and policy interventions tailored to young drivers’ risk awareness gaps.