Abstract
This study explored the impact of arrow cues in a head-up display (HUD) on takeover performance in a self-driving system. Experiment 1 investigated the effect of different cue types (arrow versus circle) on objective takeover performance and subjective evaluation in different takeover requests (TORs; toward-action versus toward-hazard) and lead time (4 s versus 7 s). Experiment 2 further investigated the different effect of single- and dual-message arrow cues. The results of experiment 1 showed that, compared with circle cues, arrow cues led to better performance in takeover tasks, as evidenced by both the objective measures and subjective evaluations. The results of experiment 2 revealed that single-message arrow cues outperformed dual-message cues. The study indicated that single-message arrow cues had better outcomes in the TOR tasks of a self-driving system, particularly when using toward-action TORs. Our findings have important implications for future TOR cue design in the HUD of automated driving systems.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
