Performance-Based Design Method for Multiple Helices of Helical Pile in Cohesionless Soil

Abstract

Multiple helices are being used frequently in helical pile applications nowadays. This paper presents multiple helices on simplified field design charts for small diameter helical piles that relate service compressive load and soil parameters as a group with the pile parameters. This study conducts an extensive three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) study on multiple helices piles using the FEA program PLAXIS to evaluate helices’ performance subjected to axial compressive loads. A calibrated and verified numerical model uses full-scale load testing data of multiple helices from practical experience. This paper compiled numerical results from 495 models to propose an extension of the chart-based design. Here, the optimized combination of multiple helices will be the output of the design chart for soil type, service load, and allowable displacement as input. At the end of this paper, the design charts for double and triple helices are validated for cohesionless soil. The correlation square, R², ranges from 0.69 to 0.86 for cohesionless soil. The mean Q_c/Q_m is 0.90 for double helices and 1.04 for triple helices. Preliminary evaluation suggests that the method performs well. The authors believe that this study will permit engineers and state agencies to better understand the behavior of multiple helices, resulting in a more resilient approach in designing small diameter helical piles for a compressive load.

Keywords

infrastructure construction bridges and structures settlement geology and geoenvironmental engineering foundations of bridges and other structures design

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Mooney

J. S.

Adamczak

Clemence

S. P.

Uplift Capacity of Helical Anchors in Clay and Silt. In Unknown Host Publication Title ( Clemence

S. P.

, ed.), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, VA, 1985, pp. 48–72.

Tang

Phoon

K. K.

Statistics of Model Factors and Consideration in Reliability-Based Design of Axially Loaded Helical Piles. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 144, No. 8, 2018, p. 04018050.

Zhang

D. J. Y.

Predicting Capacity of Helical Screw Piles in Alberta Soils. Doctoral dissertation. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, 1999.

CFEM. Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, 4th ed. Bi-Tech Publisher Ltd, Vancouver, Canada, 2006.

Elkasabgy

El Naggar

M. H.

Axial Compressive Response of Large-Capacity Helical and Driven Steel Piles in Cohesive Soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 52, No. 2, 2015, pp. 224–243.

Mitsch

M. P.

Clemence

S. P.

Uplift Capacity of Helix Anchors in Sand. In Unknown Host Publication Title ( Clemence

S. P.

, ed.), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, VA, 1985, pp. 26–47.

Kulhawy

F. H.

Limiting Tip and Side Resistance: Fact or Fallacy. In Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations ( Meyer

J. R.

, ed.), ASCE, Reston, VA, 1984, pp. 80–98.

Meyerhof

G. G.

Some Recent Research on the Bearing Capacity of Foundations. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1963, pp. 16–26.

Hoyt

R. M.

Chance

Clemence

Uplift Capacity of Helical Anchors in Soil. Proc., 12th Congrès International de Mécanique des Sols et des Travaux de Fondations, Rio de Janiero, 1989, pp. 1019–1022.

10.

IBC (International Building Code). Acceptance Criteria for Helical Foundation Systems and Devices (AC358). International Code Council Evaluation Service, Brea, CA, 2009.

11.

Perko

H. A.

Helical Piles: A Practical Guide to Design and Installation. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2009.

12.

ASTM D1143M-07. Standard Test Methods for Deep Foundations Under Axial Compressive Load. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2007.

13.

Elsherbiny

Z. H.

El Naggar

M. H.

Axial Compressive Capacity of Helical Piles From Field Tests and Numerical Study. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 50, No. 12, 2013, pp. 1191–1203.

14.

Bathe

K. J.

Finite Element Procedures. Prentice-Hall, Hoboken, NJ, 1996, p. 1037.

15.

Vickars

R. A.

Clemence

S. P.

Performance of Helical Piles With Grouted Shafts. In New Technological and Design Developments in Deep Foundations ( Dennis

N. D.

Jr. Castelli

O’Neill

M. W.

, eds.), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, VA, 2000, pp. 327–341.

16.

Aydin

Bradka

T. D.

Kort

D. A.

Osterberg Cell Load Testing on Helical Piles. In Geo-Frontiers 2011: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering ( Han

Alzamora

D. E.

, eds.), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, VA, 2011, pp. 66–74.

17.

Hossain

Khan

Kibria

Sustainable Slope Stabilisation Using Recycled Plastic Pins. CRC Press, London, UK, 2017.

18.

Meyerhof

G. G.

Penetration Tests and Bearing Capacity of Cohesionless Soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, Vol. 82, No. 1, 1956, pp. 1–19.

19.

Fellenius

B. H.

The Analysis of Results From Routine Pile Load Tests. Ground Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 6, 1980, pp. 19–31.

20.

Terzaghi

Discussion of the Progress Report of the Committee on the Bearing Value of Pile Foundations. Proceedings, ASCE, Vol. 68, 1942, pp. 311–323.

21.

Davisson

M. T.

High Capacity Piles. In Innovations in Foundation Construction: Proceedings of Lecture Series, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, VA, 1972, p. 52.

22.

Mansur

C. I.

Kaufman

R. I.

Pile Tests, Low-Sill Structures, Old River, La. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, Vol. 82, No. 4, 1956, pp. 1079-1.

23.

O’Neil

M. W.

Reese

L. C.

Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and Design Methods. No. FHWA-IF-99-025. United States Federal Highway Administration, Office of Infrastructure, Washington, D.C., 1999.

24.

Livneh

El Naggar

M. H.

Axial Testing and Numerical Modeling of Square Shaft Helical Piles Under Compressive and Tensile Loading. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 45, No. 8, 2008, pp. 1142–1155.

25.

Lanyi-Bennett

S. A.

Deng

Axial Load Testing of Helical Pile Groups in Glaciolacustrine Clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 56, No. 2, 2019, pp. 187–197.

26.

Lesny

Akbas

Bogusz

Burlon

Vessia

Phoon

K. K.

Tang

Zhang

Evaluation and Consideration of Model Uncertainties in Reliability Based Design. In Joint ISSMGE TC 205/TC 304 Working Group on Discussion of Statistical/Reliability Methods for Eurocodes, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, London, 2017, pp. 20–64.