Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.FORTUNE 500 . A Database of 50 Years of FORTUNE’s List of America’s Largest Corporations, Year 1970 . https://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/full/1970. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
2.FORTUNE 500 . A Database of 50 Years of FORTUNE’s List of America’s Largest Corporations, Year 1980 . https://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/full/1980. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
3.Encyclopedia Britannica . Sears : American Company . https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sears-Roebuck-and-Company. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
4.
5.Costco Wholesale Corporation . About Us . https://www.costco.com/about.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
6.Chain Store Guide . Chain Store Guide Through the Ages: 1980s . https://chainstoreguide.com/offthechain/2013/10/chain-store-guide-through-the-ages-1980s. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
7.
Križanović
I.
Cell Phone History: From the First Phone to Today’s Smartphone Wonders . Versus , 2020 . https://versus.com/en/news/cell-phone-history. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
8.
Shedden
D.
Today in Media History: Lotus 1-2-3 was the Killer App of 1983 . Poynter Media , 2015 . https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2015/today-in-media-history-lotus-1-2-3-was-the-killer-app-of-1983. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
9.
Weightman
G.
The History of the Bar Code . Smithsonian Magazine , 2015 . https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/history-bar-code-180956704/. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
10.Conrail . Brief History of Consolidated Rail Corporation . https://conrail.com/about-conrail/history. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
11.
12.Association of American Railroads . 6 Milestones to Intermodel Growth . https://www.aar.org/article/6-milestones-intermodal-growth. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
13.
Pentimonti
E. K.
Double-Stack Containers on Rail Cars: The APL View . Undated. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/state-of-the-art/4/4-012.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
14.
Button
K.
Unleashing Innovation: The Deregulation of Air Cargo Transportation . Regulation, Policy Briefs , 2014 . https://www.mercatus.org/publications/regulation/unleashing-innovation-deregulation-air-cargo-transportation. The Statute can be Found at: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-91/pdf/STATUTE-91-Pg1278.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
15.Public Law 94-210, 94th Congress . https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-90/pdf/STATUTE-90-Pg31.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
16.Public Law 98-237, 98th Congress . https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-98/pdf/STATUTE-98-Pg67.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
17.Public Law 96-296, 96th Congress . https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-94/pdf/STATUTE-94-Pg793.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
18.The American Presidency Project . Motor Carrier Act of 1980 Statement on Signing S. 2245 Into Law . https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/motor-carrier-act-1980-statement-signing-s-2245-into-law. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
19.United States Senate . Congress Approves the Federal-Aid Highway Act . Senators , June 26 , 1956 . https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Federal_Highway_Act.htm. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
20.Public Law 97-424, 97th Congress . https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-96/pdf/STATUTE-96-Pg2097.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
21.National Research Council . TRB Special Report 267: Regulation of Weights, Lengths and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles . The National Academies Press , Washington, D.C ., 2002 , p. 25 .
22.European Central Bank . Five Things you Need to Know About the Maastricht Treaty . 2017 . https://www.ecb.europa.eu/explainers/tell-me-more/html/25_years_maastricht.en.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
23.World Trade Organization . History of the Multilateral Trading System . https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/history_e/history_e.htm. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
24.
Harrison
V.
Palumbo
D.
China Anniversary: How the Country Became the World’s ‘Economic Miracle’ . BBC News , October 1 , 2019 . https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49806247. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
25.
Radziwill
N.
The Origins of Just-in-Time . Quality and Innovation , 2010 . https://qualityandinnovation.com/2010/10/13/the-origins-of-just-in-time. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
26.
Womack
J. P.
Jones
D. T.
Roos
D.
The Machine That Changed the World: Based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5 Million Dollar, 5 Year Study on the Future of Technology . https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002RI9NS8/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
27.FORTUNE 500 . A Database of 50 Years of FORTUNE’s List of America’s Largest Corporations, Year 1990 . https://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/full/1990. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
28.FORTUNE 500 . A Database of 50 Years of FORTUNE’s List of America’s Largest Corporations, Year 1995 . https://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/full/1995. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
29.FORTUNE 500 . A Database of 50 Years of FORTUNE’s List of America’s Largest Corporations, Year 2000 . https://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500_archive/full/2000. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
30.
MacKenzie
I.
Mayer
C.
Noble
S.
How Retailers can Keep up With Consumers . McKinsey , 2013 . https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/how-retailers-can-keep-up-with-consumers
31.StarTribune . Best Buy, by the Years . StarTribune Business , Minneapolis, MN , 2012 .
32.Steinhauer . Woolworth Gives Up on the Five-and-Dime . The New York Times , July 18 , 1997 .
33.Time . Jeff Bezos – Person of the Year . Time Magazine , December 27 , 1999 . http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19991227,00.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
34.CNBC . Timeline: AOL Through the Years . CNBC , May 12 , 2015 . https://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/12/timeline-aol-through-the-years.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
35.Yahoo . Silicon Valley Historical Association . https://www.siliconvalleyhistorical.org/yahoo-history. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
36.Google . From the Garage to the Googleplex . https://about.google/our-story. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
37.
Hayes
A.
Chavarria
A.
Kvilhaug
S.
Blockchain Explained . Investopedia . https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
38.
McCue
I.
The History of ERP . ORACLE Netsuite , August 12 , 2020 . https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/erp/erp-history.shtml. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
39.BNSF Railway . The History of BNSF: A Legacy for the 21st Century . https://www.bnsf.com/bnsf-resources/pdf/about-bnsf/History_and_Legacy.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
40.Union Pacific . UP-Southern Pacific Merger Creates Largest U.S . Railroad. TIMELINE , September 11 , 1996 . https://www.up.com/timeline/index.cfm/up-sp-merger. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
41.Public Law 104-240,105 Stat . 1914 , December 18 , 1991 . https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-105/pdf/STATUTE-105-Pg1914.pdf. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
42.
Schweppe
E.
Legacy of a Landmark: ISTEA After 10 Years . Public Roads , Vol. 65 , No. 3 , 2001 . https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/novemberdecember-2001/legacy-landmark-istea-after-10-years. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
43.The Law Offices of George R. Tuttle. U.S . Customs Proposes a Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CTPAT) . Newsletters , December , 2001 . https://www.tuttlelaw.com/newsletters/tpat.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
44.
45.
Mejia
Z.
Jeff Bezos Finally Got Amazon Into the Top Tier of the Fortune 500 . CNBC , 2018 . https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/23/jeff-bezos-finally-got-amazon-into-the-top-tier-of-the-fortune-500.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
46.National Retail Federation . Top 50 Global Retailers 2021 . https://nrf.com/resources/top-retailers/top-50-global-retailers/top-50-global-retailers-2021. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
47.
Malin
Z.
What is Amazon Prime? Membership Benefits, Prices and More . NBC News , 2021 . https://www.nbcnews.com/select/shopping/amazon-prime-benefits-cost-ncna1269672. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
48.CNN Money . Bankruptcies Repeat Offenders . CNN , August 25 , 2009 . https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2009/fortune/0908/gallery.bankruptcies.fortune/8.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
49.The New York Times Company . Circuit City Files for Bankruptcy . The New York Times , November 10 , 2008 .
50.
Ruff
C.
6 Retailers That Went Bankrupt and Never Recovered — And Lessons From Their Demises . Retail Dive , 2016 . https://www.retaildive.com/news/6-retailers-that-never-survived-bankruptcy-and-what-led-to-their-demises/424562. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
51.
Ott
M.
Left for Dead, Twice, RadioShack Gets Another Shot Online . ABC News , November 24 , 2020 . https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/left-dead-radioshack-shot-online-74381808#:~:text=After%20store%20redesigns%20and%20other,%2Dand%2Dmortar%20RadioShack%20empire. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
52.Prime Clerk . ARO Liquidation, Inc ., Case no. 16-11275. https://cases.primeclerk.com/aeropostale. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
53.
Bomey
N.
Sports Authority Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy . CNBC , March 2 , 2016 . https://www.cnbc.com/2016/03/02/us-retailer-sports-authority-files-for-bankruptcy.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
54.Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty . Fifty Years of Container Ship Growth . https://www.agcs.allianz.com/content/dam/onemarketing/agcs/agcs/general/reports/agcs-shipping-safety-21-50-years-of-container-ship-growth.jpg. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
55.
Molinski
D.
Panama Canal, Consortium Reach Deal to Complete Work . Wall Street Journal , February 28 , 2014 .
56.
Kirsner
S.
Amazon Buys Warehouse Robotics Start-Up Kiva Systems for $775 Million . Boston.com , March 19 , 2012 .
57.
Reagan
C.
Amazon Reveals a New Plan to Deliver More Packages: Recruit People to Run Small-Scale Delivery Services . CNBC , June 28 , 2018 .
58.
Palmer
A.
Amazon Poised to Pass UPS and FedEx to Become Largest U.S. Delivery Service by Early 2022, Exec Says . CNBC , November 29 , 2021 .
59.
Fields
L.
FAA Slaps Down Drone Beer Delivery Service to Ice Fishermen . ABC News , January 31 , 2014 . https://abcnews.go.com/US/faa-slaps-drone-beer-delivery-service-ice-fishermen/story?id=22314625. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
60.
Bright
J.
Zipline Begins US Medical Delivery With Drone Program Honed in Africa . TechCrunch , May 27 , 2020 . https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/26/zipline-begins-us-medical-delivery-with-uav-program-honed-in-africa. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
61.Zipline . Walmart Launches with Zipline in Arkansas . Zipline , November 18 , 2021 . https://flyzipline.com/press/walmart-launches-with-zipline-in-arkansas. Accessed November 20, 2021 .
62.
Forde
M.
UPS Partners With CVS on Residential Drone Delivery in Florida . Supply Chain Dive , 2020 . https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/coronavirus-ups-cvs-drone-delivery-florida/576996. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
63.
Davies
A.
Uber’s Self-Driving Truck Makes its First Delivery: 50,000 Beers . Wired , 2016 . https://www.wired.com/2016/10/ubers-self-driving-truck-makes-first-delivery-50000-beers. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
64.
Francis
S.
Locomotion Completes Autonomous Truck Test Involving Three States . Robotics and Automation News , November 11 , 2020 . https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2020/11/11/locomation-completes-autonomous-truck-test-involving-three-states/38076. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
65.
Holland
F.
Walmart is Using Fully Driverless Trucks to Ramp Up its Online Grocery Business . CNBC , November 8 , 2021 . https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/08/walmart-is-using-fully-driverless-trucks-to-ramp-up-its-online-grocery-business.html. Accessed November 15, 2021 .
66.
Durbin
D.-A.
Robots Hit the Streets as Demand for Food Delivery Grows . AP , November 2 , 2021 . https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-robot-food-delivery-technology-business-5b7dbb782f89ef3d586eefb9a33d5e1c. Accessed November 15, 2021 .
67.Starship . A Revolution in Local Delivery . https://www.starship.xyz/company. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
68.
69.
Lavars
N.
World’s First Electric Autonomous Cargo Ship Takes to the Water . New Atlas , November 21 , 2021 . https://newatlas.com/marine/worlds-first-electric-autonomous-cargo-ship-yara-birkeland-debut. Accessed November 22, 2021 .
70.
Marr
B.
A Very Brief History of Blockchain Technology Everyone Should Read . Forbes , February 16 , 2018 . https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/02/16/a-very-brief-history-of-blockchain-technology-everyone-should-read/?sh=2f9033887bc4. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
71.
Corkery
M.
Popper
N.
From Farm to Blockchain: Walmart Tracks its Lettuce . The New York Time , September 14 , 2018 .
72.
Weise
E.
Schmit
J.
Spinach Recall: 5 Faces. 5 Agonizing Deaths. 1 Year Later . ABC News , January 8 , 2009 . https://abcnews.go.com/Business/story?id=3633374&page=1. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
73.CDC . Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Linked to Peanut Butter, 2008–2009 . Final Update. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA , May 11 , 2009 .
74.Food Safety News . Lettuce Recall . https://www.foodsafetynews.com/tag/lettuce-recall. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
75.News Desk . Now Ports Also Get in on the Blockchain Action . Shipping and Freight Resource , November 9 , 2018 . https://www.shippingandfreightresource.com/now-ports-also-get-in-on-the-blockchain-action. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
76.Blockchain Beach Staff . World Economic Forum Teams up With Port of Los Angeles for Blockchain Deployment . Blockchain Beach , May 13 , 2019 . https://www.blockchainbeach.com/world-economic-forum-teams-up-with-port-of-la-others-for-blockchain-deployment. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
77.Federal Highway Administration . Fast Act Freight Plans . https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/fastact/state_freight_plans/presentation111616/index.htm. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
78.
Chatzky
A.
McBride
J.
China’s Massive Belt and Road Initiative . Backgrounder , January 28 , 2020 . https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
79.
Miles
T.
Hughes
K.
China Loses Trade Dispute Over Rare Earth Exports . Reuters , March 26 , 2014 . https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-wto-rareearths/china-loses-trade-dispute-over-rare-earth-exports-idUSBREA2P0ZK20140326. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
80.
Langfitt
F.
Looking Back on the Impact the 2016 Brexit Vote . NPR , January 31 , 2020 . https://www.npr.org/2020/01/31/801496442/looking-back-on-the-impact-the-2016-brexit-vote. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
81.
Illmer
A.
Hanjin: Final Curtain Falls on Shipping Saga . BBC , February 17 , 2017 . https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38953144. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
82.
Tankersley
J.
Bradsher
K.
Trump Hits China With Tariffs on $200 Billion in Goods, Escalating Trade War . The New York Times , September 17 , 2018 . https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/17/us/politics/trump-china-tariffs-trade.html. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
83.
Chor
D.
The Impact of the US-China Tariff War on China’s Economy: New Evidence From Night-Time Lights . Vox EU , November 25 , 2021 . https://voxeu.org/article/us-china-tariff-war-and-china-s-economy-evidence-night-lights. Accessed November 27, 2021 .
84.
Amaro
S. U.S.
and EU Agree to Ease Metal Tariffs Imposed by Trump Administration . CNBC , October 30 , 2021 . https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/30/us-eu-agree-to-end-trump-era-dispute.html. Accessed October 31, 2021 .
85.MedicalCountermeasures.gov . Pharmaceutical Manufacturing in America . https://www.medicalcountermeasures.gov/barda/influenza-and-emerging-infectious-diseases/coronavirus/pharmaceutical-manufacturing-in-america. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
86.
Nelson
R. M.
Casey
C. A.
Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine: New Financial and Trade Sanctions . Congressional Research Services , March 4 , 2022 . https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN11871. Accessed March 22, 2022 .
87.Briefing Room . Executive Order on America’s Supply Chain . The White House , February 24 , 2021 . https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/24/executive-order-on-americas-supply-chains. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
88.Briefing Room . FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Announces Supply Chain Disruptions Task Force to Address Short-Term Supply Chain Discontinuities . The White House , June 8 , 2021 . https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/06/08/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-supply-chain-disruptions-task-force-to-address-short-term-supply-chain-discontinuities. Accessed September 15, 2021 .
89.National Archives . America’s Supply Chains and the Transportation Industrial Base . Federal Register , September 16 , 2021 . https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/09/16/2021-19974/americas-supply-chains-and-the-transportation-industrial-base. Accessed September 20, 2021 .
90.American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials . AASHTO Comprehensive Analysis of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) . AASHTO , Washington, D.C. , Septetmber 15 , 2021 , p. 50 . https://policy.transportation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/59/2021/09/2021-09-15-AASHTO-Comprehensive-Analysis-of-IIJA-FINAL.pdf. Accessed March 22, 2022 .
91.Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration . Safe Driver Apprenticeship Pilot Program to Allow Persons Ages 18, 19, and 20 to Operate Commercial Motor Vehicles in Interstate Commerce . Federal Register , January 14 , 2022 . https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/01/14/2022-00733/safe-driver-apprenticeship-pilot-program-to-allow-persons-ages-18-19-and-20-to-operate-commercial. Accessed March 22, 2022 .
92.Briefing Room . FACT SHEET: The Biden-;Harris Administration Trucking Action Plan to Strengthen America’s Trucking Workforce . The White House , December 16 , 2021 . https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/12/16/fact-sheet-the-biden-%E2%81%A0harris-administration-trucking-action-plan-to-strengthen-americas-trucking-workforce/. Accessed March 22, 2022 .
93.Briefing Room . FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Announces New Initiative to Improve Supply Chain Data Flow . The White House , March 16 , 2022 . https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/15/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-new-initiative-to-improve-supply-chain-data-flow/. Accessed March 22, 2022 .
