Six Decades of Roadside Encroachment Modeling

Abstract

A vehicle encroaches whenever it leaves the lanes of the traveled way and enters the roadside or median. Leaving the traveled way may result in rolling over on roadside terrain or striking a fixed object, so understanding the nature of vehicle encroachments is an important aspect of roadside design. A variety of efforts over the last 60 years have resulted in the collection of data that have been used to model encroachments. This paper summarizes these prior studies, compares the results, and presents recommendations for the best available encroachment models for use in the design of roadsides and medians.

Keywords

infrastructure roadway design roadside safety design run-off road

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Hutchinson

J. W.

The Significance and Nature of Vehicle Encroachments on Medians of Divided Highways. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1962.

Hutchinson

J. W.

Kennedy

T. W.

Medians of Divided Highways - Frequency and Nature of Vehicle Encroachments. College of Engineering, Urbana, IL, 1966.

AASHTO. Roadside Design Guide, 1st ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 1989.

AASHTO. Guide Specifications for Bridge Railings. American Association of State, Highway and Transportation, Officials, Washington, D.C., 1989.

Cooper

P. J.

Analysis of Roadside Encroachments: Single Vehicle Run-Off Accident Data Analysis for Five Provinces. Road Motor Vehicle Traffic Safety Branch, Countermeasures Development, Transport Canada, 1980.

Cooper

P. J.

Analysis of Roadside Encroachment Data From Five Provinces and its Application to an Off Road Vehicle Trajectory Model. Transport Canada, 1981.

De Leuw Cather, Canada Ltd, and ADI Ltd. Study of Single-Vehicle Off-Road Accidents. Final Report. Canada, December 1978.

McGinnis

R. G.

Reexamination of Roadside Encroachment Data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1999. 1690: 42–58.

TRB. Designing Safer Roads: Practices for Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1987.

10.

Miaou

S. P.

Lum

Modeling Vehicle Accidents and Highway Geometric Design Relationships. Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 25, No. 6, 1993, pp. 689–709.

11.

Jovanis

P. P.

Chang

H.-L.

Modeling the Relationship of Accidents to Miles Traveled. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1986. 1068: 42–51.

12.

AASHTO. Highway Safety Manual, 1st ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 2010.

13.

Miaou

S. P.

Estimating Roadside Encroachment Rates With the Combined Strengths of Accident and Encroachment-Based Approaches. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 2001.

14.

Vogt

Bared

Accident Prediction Models for Two-Lane Rural Roads: Segments and Intersections. Report FHWARD-98–133. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1998.

15.

AASHTO. Roadside Design Guide, 3rd ed. With Updated Chapter 6. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 2006.

16.

AASHTO. Roadside Design Guide, 3rd ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C., 2002.

17.

Mak

K. K.

Sicking

D. L.

Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) - Engineer’s Manual. Report No. 492. Texas Transportation Institute, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2003.

18.

Moskowitz

Schaefer

W. E.

California Highways and Public Works. Barrier Report. California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, 1961.

19.

Miaou

S.-P.

Estimating Vehicle Roadside Encroachment Frequencies by Using Accident Prediction Models. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1997. 1599: 64–71.

20.

Ray

M. H.

Carrigan

C. E.

Plaxico

C. A.

Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) Update: Engineer’s Manual. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2012.

21.

Carrigan

C. E.

Ray

M. H.

Consideration of Roadside Features in the Highway Safety Manual. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2022.

22.

Ray

M. H.

Development of Safety Performance Based Guidelines for the Roadside Design Guide. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 972. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2022.

23.

TRB. Highway Capacity Manual: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2016.

24.

Margiotta

Washburn

Simplified Highway Capacity Calculation Method for the Highway Performance Monitoring System. Federal Highway Administration, Cambridge Systematics Incorporated, MA, October, 2017.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.27 MB