The purpose of this paper is to provide a chronology of the development of the Service Limit State design process for geotechnical elements that are designed using the reliability-based Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) approach in the Bridge Design Specifications of AASHTO. This chronology will help future researchers to better understand the basis of decisions made by AASHTO, with input from the FHWA, and thus will serve as an important benchmark for future work.
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