The COVID-19 pandemic has changed lifestyles, with consequent impacts on urban freight movements. This paper analyzes the impacts of COVID-19 on urban deliveries in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, Brazil. The Lee index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association were calculated using data on urban deliveries (retail and home deliveries) and COVID-19 cases. The results confirmed the negative impacts on retail deliveries and the positive impacts on home deliveries. The spatial analysis demonstrated that the most interconnected cities presented more similar patterns. At the beginning of the pandemic, consumers were considerably concerned about the virus spread, and the changes in consumption behavior were slow. The findings suggest the importance of alternative strategies to traditional retail. In addition, the local infrastructure should adapt to the increased demand for home deliveries during pandemics.
ParkK.-H.KimA.-R.YangM.-A.LimS.-J.ParkJ.-H.Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lifestyle, Mental Health, and Quality of Life of Adults in South Korea. PLoS One, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2021, p. e0247970. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247970.
2.
TaniguchiE.FwaT. F.ThompsonR. G.Urban Transportation and Logistics Health, Safety, and Security Concerns. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2013.
3.
HuffA. G.BeyelerW. E.KelleyN. S.NittMcJ. A.. How Resilient is the United States’ Food System to Pandemics?Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2015, pp. 337–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-015-0275-3
4.
MunawarH. S.KhanS. I.QadirZ.KouzaniA. Z.MahmudM. A. P.Insight into the Impact of COVID-19 on Australian Transportation Sector: An Economic and Community-Based Perspective. Sustainability, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2021, p. 1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031276.
5.
JungH.ParkM.HongK.HyunE.The Impact of an Epidemic Outbreak on Consumer Expenditures: An Empirical Assessment for MERS Korea. Sustainability, Vol. 8, No. 5, 2016, p. 454. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050454.
6.
MitsakisE.StamosI.DiakakisM.Salanova GrauJ. M.Impacts of High-Intensity Storms on Urban Transportation: Applying Traffic Flow Control Methodologies for Quantifying the Effects. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 11, No. 8, 2014, pp. 2145–2154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0573-4.
7.
FigliozziM. A.Carbon Emissions Reductions in Last Mile and Grocery Deliveries Utilizing Air and Ground Autonomous Vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 85, 2020, p. 102443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102443.
8.
İmreŞ.ÇelebiD.KocaF.Understanding Barriers and Enablers of Electric Vehicles in Urban Freight Transport: Addressing Stakeholder Needs in Turkey. Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 68, 2021, p. 102794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102794.
9.
VillaR.MonzónA.Mobility Restrictions and E-Commerce: Holistic Balance in Madrid Centre During COVID-19 Lockdown. Economies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9020057.
10.
IwanS.NürnbergM.JedlińskiM.KijewskaK.Efficiency of Light Electric Vehicles in Last Mile Deliveries – Szczecin Case Study. Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 74, 2021, p. 103167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103167.
11.
BakerS. R.FarrokhniaR. A.MeyerS.PagelM.YannelisC.How Does Household Spending Respond to an Epidemic? Consumption During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 2020. http://www.nber.org/papers/w26949. Accessed June 3, 2020.
12.
Confederação Nacional do Transporte – CNT. Survey About the Impact of COVID-19 in Transport. https://www.cnt.org.br/pesquisas. Accessed March 26, 2021.
Sanchez-DiazI.Altuntas VuralC.HalldórssonÁ.Assessing the Inequalities in Access to Online Delivery Services and the Way COVID-19 Pandemic Affects Marginalization. Transport Policy, Vol. 109, 2021, pp. 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.05.007.
15.
SugunaM.ShahB.RajS. K.SureshM.A Study on the Influential Factors of the Last Mile Delivery Projects During Covid-19 Era. Operations Management Research, 2021, pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-021-00214-y.
16.
SrinivasS.MaratheR. R.Moving Towards “Mobile Warehouse”: Last-Mile Logistics During COVID-19 and Beyond. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Vol. 10, 2021, p. 100339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100339.
17.
El OuadiJ.MalheneN.BenhadouS.MedromiH.Shared Public Transport Within a Physical Internet Framework: Reviews, Conceptualization and Expected Challenges Under COVID-19 Pandemic. IATSS Research, Vol. 45, No. 4, 2021, pp. 417–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2021.03.001.
18.
Ibn-MohammedT.MustaphaK. B.GodsellJ.AdamuZ.BabatundeK. A.AkintadeD. D.AcquayeA., et al. A Critical Analysis of the Impacts of COVID-19 on the Global Economy and Ecosystems and Opportunities for Circular Economy Strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 164, 2021, p. 105169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105169.
Transportation Research Board. COVID-19 Addendum to Critical Issues in Transportation. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2021. https://doi.org/10.17226/26047.
22.
de OliveiraI. K.de OliveiraL. K.de A.R. A.Nóbrega. Applying the Maximum Entropy Model to Urban Freight Transportation Planning: An Exploratory Analysis of Warehouse Location in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2021. 2675: 65-79.
