Investigation of Moisture Damage in Open Graded Asphalt Friction Course Mixtures with Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag as Coarse Aggregate under Acidic and Neutral pH Environments

Abstract

Open graded asphalt friction courses (OGAFCs) are specialty asphalt mixtures used to improve skid resistance and surface drainage. OGAFCs have additional benefits of reduced splash and spray, and lower tire–pavement interaction noise. Prolonged exposure to rainwater and load transfer through stone-on-stone contact in OGAFCs demands aggregates that are strong and hydrophobic. Rainwater acidity is expected to affect the aggregate–asphalt bond and thus moisture damage performance of OGAFC. This paper investigates the effect of rainwater acidity on moisture sensitivity of OGAFC mixtures with different aggregate types (natural aggregate, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag, and combinations of both) and modified binder types. For the first time, the present research reports the moisture damage potential of BOF OGAFC mixtures under different moisture conditioning environments created by varying the pH of contact water. With different combinations of BOF slag and natural aggregates (100:0, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 0:100), and binders (polymer and crumb rubber modified), OGAFC mixtures were characterized for moisture damage through tensile strength ratio, wet Cantabro abrasion loss, and modified boiling water tests. Functional aspects of OGAFC mixtures subjected to moisture conditioning under different pH environments were also evaluated through permeability testing. Results showed that an acidic environment exacerbated the moisture damage, however, OGAFC mixtures containing BOF slag showed better performance than the control mixture (with natural aggregates only). Inclusion of BOF slag in OGAFC mixtures enhanced resistance to moisture damage under both pH environments. OGAFC mixes with 100% BOF slag content performed the best considering all moisture damage tests under both conditioning environments.

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