Abstract
Washington State has introduced express toll lanes (ETLs) on I-405 as a managed lane project. One of problems in the operation of ETLs operation is the access violation in which vehicles cross the double white lines, which separate ETLs from general purpose lanes. The objective of this paper is to identify access violation patterns and quantitatively describe the relationship between access violation frequency and traffic condition, user type and road segment characteristics. Finally, this paper develops negative binomial models to predict access violation frequency. The analysis results show that that traffic conditions factors influence violation behavior differently depending on whether the violation occurred when entering or exiting ETLs, which suggests that entry and exit violation behaviors should be analyzed separately. In addition, the finding that casual users commit violations more frequently than frequent users implies the possibility of unintentional violations. It is expected that these results support enforcement against violations and improve ETLs operation in the future.
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