Measuring Anaesthetic Outcomes

Donabedian A. Explorations in quality assessment and monitoring. Vol. 3. The methods and findings of quality assessment and monitoring: an illustrated analysis. Health Administration Press, Ann Arbor 1985; 256.

Blumberg MS. Risk adjusting health care outcomes: a methodologic review. Med Care Review 1986; 43:351–393.

Iezzoni LI. Dimensions of risk. In: Iezzoni LI , ed. Risk adjustment for measuring health care outcomes. Health Administration Press, Ann Arbor 1994; 29–118.

Owens WD , Felts JA , Spitznagel EL Jr . ASA Physical status classification: a study of consistency of ratings. Anesthesiology 1978; 49:239–43.

Haynes SR , Lawler PGP. An assessment of the consistency of ASA physical status classification allocation. Anaesthesia 1995; 50:195–199.

Ouchterlony J , Arvidsson S , Sjostedt L , Svardsudd K. Peroperative and immediate postoperative events in patients undergoing elective general and orthopaedic surgery: The Gothenburg study of perioperative risk (PROPER). Part II. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995; 39:643–652.

Rose DK , Cohen MM , Wigglesworth DF , De Boer DP. Critical respiratory events in the postanaesthesia care unit: patient, surgical and anaesthetic factors. Anesthesiology 1994; 81:410–481.

Cohen MM , Duncan PG , DeBoer DP , Tweed WA. The postoperative interview: assessing risk factors for nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 1994; 78:7–16.

Cohen MM , Duncan PG , Pope WDB , et al. The Canadian four-centre study of anaesthetic outcomes: II. Can outcomes be used to assess the quality of anaesthesia care? Can J Anaesth 1992; 39:430–439.

Tiret L , Desmonts JM , Hatton F , Vourc'h G. Complications associated with anaesthesia: a prospective survey in France. Can Anaesth Soc J 1986; 33:336–344.

Hines R , Barash PG , Watrous G , O'Connor T. Complications occurring in the postanaesthesia care unit: a survey. Anesth Analg 1992; 74:503–509.

Beecher HK , Todd DP. A study of the deaths associated with anaesthesia and surgery. Ann Surg 1954; 140:2–34.

Warden JC , Borton CL , Horan BF. Mortality associated with anaesthesia in New South Wales, 1984–1990. Med J Aust 1994; 161:585–593.

Wang LP , Hagerdal M. Reported anaesthetic complications during an 11 year period: a retrospective study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992; 36:234–240.

Harrison GG. Death due to anaesthesia at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 1956–87. Part I. Incidence. S Afr Med J 1990; 77:412–415.

Buck N , Devlin HB , Lunn JN. The report of a confidential enquiry into perioperative deaths. The Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, London 1987.

Orkin FK , Cohen MM , Duncan PG. The quest for meaningful outcomes. Anesthesiology 1993; 78:417–422.

Cohen MM , Duncan PG , Pope WDB , Wolkenstein C. A survey of 112,000 anaesthetics at one teaching hospital (1975–83). Can Anaesth Soc J 1986; 33:22–31.

National Health and Medical Research Council. Report on deaths associated with anaesthesia in Australia 1988–1990. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1992.

Holland R. Anaesthetic mortality in New South Wales. Br J Anaesth 1987; 59:834–841.

Gibbs JM. The anaesthetic mortality assessment committee 1979–1984. NZ Med J 1986; 99:55–59.

Tikkanen J , Hovi–Viander M. Deaths associated with anaesthesia and surgery in Finland in 1986 compared to 1975. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995; 39:262–267.

Lunn JN , Hunter AR , Scott DB. Anaesthesia-related surgical mortality. Anaesthesia 1983; 38:1090–1096.

Harrison GG. Death due to anaesthesia at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 1956–87. Part II. Causes and changes in aetiological pattern of anaesthetic-contributory death. S Afr Med J 1990; 77:416–421.

Derrington MC , Smith G. A review of studies of anaesthetic risk, morbidity and mortality. Br J Anaesth 1987; 59:815–833.

Caplan RA , Posner K , Ward RJ , Cheney FW. Peer reviewer agreement for major anaesthetic mishaps. QRB 1988; 16:363–368.

Edwards G , Morton HJV , Pask EA , Wylie WD. Deaths associated with anesthesia: a report on 1,000 cases. Anaesthesia 1956; 11:194–220.

National Health and Medical Research Council: Report on anaesthetic related mortality in Australia 1985–1987. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 1990.

Revicki DA , Klaucke DN , Brown RE , Caplan RA. Reliability of ratings of anaesthesia's contribution to adverse surgical outcomes. QRB 1990; 16:404–408.

Keats AS. The ASA classification of physical status—a recapitulation. Editorial. Anesthesiology 1978; 49:233–236.

Vacanti CJ , Van Houten RJ , Hill RC. A statistical analysis of the relationship of physical status to postoperative mortality in 68,388 cases. Anesth Analg 1970; 49:564–566.

Cohen MM , Duncan PG , Tate RB. Does anaesthesia contribute to operative mortality? JAMA 1988; 260:2859–2863.

Pedersen T , Eliasen K , Henriksen E. A prospective study of mortality associated with anaesthesia and surgery: risk indicators of mortality in hospital. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990; 34:176–182.

Tiret L , Hatton F , Desmonts JM , Vourc'h G. Prediction of outcome of anaesthesia in patients over 40 years: a multifactorial risk index. Stat Med 1988; 7:947–954.

Pedersen T , Eliasen K , Henriksen E. A prospective study of risk factors and cardiopulmonary complications associated with anaesthesia and surgery: risk indicators of cardiopulmonary morbidity. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990; 34:144–155.

Keenan RL , Boyan CP. Cardiac arrest due to anaesthesia: a study of incidence and causes. JAMA 1985; 253:2373–2377.

Keenan RL , Boyan CP. Decreasing frequency of anaesthetic cardiac arrests. J Clin Anesth 1991; 3:354–357.

Olsson GL , Hallen B. Cardiac arrest during anaesthesia. A computer-aided study in 250,543 anaesthetics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1988; 32:653–664.

Chopra V , Bovill JG , Spierdijk J. Accidents, near accidents and complications during anaesthesia: a retrospective analysis of a 10 year period in a teaching hospital. Anaesthesia 1990; 45:3–6.

Duncan PG , Cohen MM. Postoperative complications: factors of significance to anaesthetic practice. Can J Anaesth 1987; 34:2–8.

Pedersen T , Johansen SH. Serious morbidity attributable to anaesthesia: considerations for prevention. Anaesthesia 1989; 44:504–508.

Arvidsson S , Ouchterlony J , Nilsson S , Sjostedt L , Svardsudd K. The Gothenburg study of perioperative risk. I. Preoperative findings, postoperative complications. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1994; 38:679–690.

Forrest JB , Cahalan MK , Rehder K , et al. Multicentre study of general anaesthesia. II. Results. Anesthesiology 1990; 72:262–268.

Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. Clinical indicators for anaesthesia. Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Bulletin 1994; 3:25.

Zelcer J , Wells DG. Anaesthetic-related recovery room complications. Anaesth Intens Care 1987; 15:168–174.

Moller JT , Pederson T , Rasmussen LS , et al. Randomised evaluation of pulse oximetry in 20,802 patients: I. Design, demography, pulse oximetry failure rate and overall complication rate. Anesthesiology 1993; 78:436–444.

Palazzo M , Evans R. Logistic regression analysis of fixed patient factors for postoperative sickness: a model for risk assessment. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70:135–140.

Carroll NV , Miederhoff P , Cox FM , Hirsch JD. Postoperative nausea and vomiting after discharge from outpatient surgery centers. Anesth Analg 1995; 80:903–909.

Cohen MM , Duncan PG. Physical status score and trends in anaesthetic complications. J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41:83–90.

Forrest JB , Rehder K , Cahalan MK , Goldsmith CH. Multi-center study of general anaesthesia. III. Predictors of severe perioperative adverse outcomes. Anesthesiology 1992; 76:3–15.

Leigh JM , Tytler JA. Admissions to the intensive care unit after complications of anaesthetic techniques over 10 years. II. The second 5 years. Anaesthesia 1990; 45:814–820.

Stephens ID. ICU admissions from an obstetric hospital. Can J Anaesth 1991; 38:677–681.

Cullen DJ , Nemeskal R , Cooper JB , Zaslavsky A , Dwyer MJ. Effect of pulse oximetry, age and ASA physical status on the frequency of patients admitted unexpectedly to a postoperative intensive care unit and the severity of the anaesthesia-related complications. Anesth Analg 1992; 74:181–188.

Swann D , Houston P , Goldberg J. Audit of intensive care unit admissions from the operating room. Can J Anaesth 1993; 40:137–141.

Cooper AL , Leigh JM , Tring IC. Admissions to the intensive care unit after complications of anaesthetic techniques over 10 years: I. The first 5 years. Anaesthesia 1989; 44:953–958.

Fancourt-Smith PF , Hornstein J , Jenkins LC. Hospital admissions from the surgical day care centre of Vancouver General Hospital 1977–1987. Can J Anaesth 1990; 37:699–704.

Kinnard P , Lirette R. Outpatient orthopaedic surgery: a retrospective study of 1996 patients. Can J Surg 1991; 34:363–366.

Osborne GA , Rudkin GE. Outcome after day-care surgery in a major teaching hospital. Anaesth Intens Care 1993; 21:822–827.

Rudkin GE , Bacon AK , Burrow B , et al. Review of efficiencies and patient satisfaction in Australian and New Zealand day surgery units: a pilot study. Anaesth Intens Care 1996; 24:74–78.

Meeks GR , Waller GA , Meydrech EF , Flautt FH Jr . Unscheduled hospital admission following ambulatory gynaecologic surgery. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80:446–450.

Gold BS , Kitz DS , Lecky JH , Neuhaus JM. Unanticipated admission to the hospital following ambulatory surgery. JAMA 1989; 262:3008–3010.

Concato J , Feinstein AR , Holford TR. The risk of determining risk with multivariate models. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118:201–210.

Lemeshow S , Hosmer DW. A review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models. Am J Epidemiol 1982; 115:92–106.

Pascoe GC. Patient satisfaction in primary health care: a literature review and analysis. Evaluation Program Planning 1983; 6:185–210.

Ware JE , Snyder MK , Wright WR , Davies AR. Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care. Evaluation Program Planning 1983; 6:247–263.

Westbrook JI. Patient satisfaction: methodological issues and research findings. Australian Health Review 1993; 16:75–88.

Pineault R , Contandriopoulos AP , Valois M , Bastian ML , Lance JM. Randomised clinical trial of one day surgery: patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes and costs. Med Care 1985; 23:171–182.

O'Connor SJ , Gibberd RW , West P. Patient satisfaction with day surgery. Aust Clin Rev 1991; 11:143–149.

Harju E. Patient satisfaction among day surgery patients in a central hospital. Qual Assur Health Care 1991; 3:85–88.

Moerman N , van Dam FSAM , Oosting J. Recollections of general anaesthesia: a survey of anaesthesiological practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992; 36:767–771.

Dodds CP , Harding MI , More DG. Anaesthesia in an Australian private hospital: the consumers view. Anaesth Intens Care 1985; 13:325–329.

Curran J , Chmielewski AT , White JB , Jennings AM. Practice of preoperative assessment by anaesthetists. Br Med J 1985; 291:391–393.

Murchison DJ. Preoperative outpatient consultation in private anaesthetic practice. NZ Med J 1991; 104:429–431.

Conway JB , Goldberg J , Chung F. Preadmission anaesthesia consultation clinic. Can J Anaesth 1992; 39:1051–1057.

Lonsdale M , Hutchison GL. Patient's desire for information about anaesthesia: Scottish and Canadian attitudes. Anaesthesia 1991; 46:410–412.

Kerridge R , Lee A , Latchford E , Beechan SJ , Hillman KM. The perioperative system: a new approach to managing elective surgery. Anaesth Intens Care 1995; 23:591–596.

Lohr KN. Outcome measurement: concepts and questions. Inquiry 1988; 25:37–50.

Brazier JE , Harper R , Jones NMB , et al. Validating the SF36 health survey questionnaire: a new outcome measure for primary care. Br Med J 1992; 305:160–164.

McHorney CA , Tarlov AR. Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? Quality of Life Research 1995; 4:293–307.

Calkins DR , Rubenstein LV , Cleary PD , et al. Failure of physicians to recognise functional disability in ambulatory patients. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114:451–454.

Cooper JB , Cullen DJ , Nemeskal R , et al. Effects of information feedback and pulse oximetry on the incidence of anaesthesia complications. Anesthesiology 1987; 67:686–694.

Barnes PJ , Havill JH. Anaesthetic complications requiring intensive care: a five year review. Anaesth Intens Care 1980; 8:404–409.